{"doc_desc":{"title":"Rwanda Seasonal Agricultural Survey 2025","idno":"RWA-NISR-SAS-2025-v01","producers":[{"name":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda","abbr":"NISR","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN)","role":"Producer of the Survey"}]},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"RWA-NISR-SAS-2025-v01","title":"Rwanda Seasonal Agricultural Survey 2025"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR)","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN)"}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda","abbr":"NISR","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN)","role":"Producer of the Survey"}],"funding_agencies":[{"name":"Goverment of Rwanda","abbr":" GoR","role":" Funder of the survey"}]},"distribution_statement":{"distributors":[{"name":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda","abbr":"NISR","affiliation":"Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN)","uri":"https://www.statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/documents/2025-12/SAS%202025%20Final%20report.pdf"}]},"version_statement":{"version":"Version 0.1 Edited anonymized dataset for public use"},"study_info":{"abstract":"This is the annual report for the Seasonal Agricultural Survey (SAS) conducted by the National Institute of\nStatistics of Rwanda (NISR) for the 2024/2025 agricultural year. It covers Rwanda\u2019s three agricultural seasons.\nThe main agricultural seasons include Season A, starting from September 2024 to February 2025, Season B\nstarting from March to June 2025, and Season C starting from July to September 2025.\n\nKey findings\n\nA comprehensive summary of the primary indicators assessed during SAS 2025 is presented in Table 0. These\nindicators include crop production, yield estimates, land use, use of agricultural inputs and agricultural practices.\n\nLand use\n\nIn 2025 agricultural year, the country\u2019s total land area was estimated at 2.376 million hectares. In season A,\n1.399 million hectares (59%) were used for agricultural purposes, of which 1.019 million hectares were used\nfor Seasonal crops, 0.492 million hectares used for permanent crops, and 0.096 million hectares to permanent pasture. \nIn season B, the total land area remained 2.376 million hectares, with 1.423 million hectares\n(60%) used for agricultural purposes. 1.022 million hectares were allocated to Seasonal crops, 0.524 million\nhectares for crops, and 0.1 million hectares were allocated to permanent pasture.\n\nUse of inputs\n\nAgricultural inputs include improved seeds, organic and chemical fertilizers, as well as pesticides and fungicides.\n In 2025, 37.3 % of farmers used improved seeds during season A, compared to 18% in season B, and\n18.9% in season C. The organic fertilizers was used by 88% of farmers in season A, compared to 80.8% in\nseason B, and 83.5 % in season C. In contrast, the inorganic fertilizers was used by 63.2% of farmers in season\nA, compared to 55.5% in season B, and 65.8 % in season C. Pesticides and fungicides was used by 41.9% of\nfarmers in season A, compared to 36.6% in season B, and 67 % in season C.\n\nAgricultural practices\n\nIn season A of 2025, 13.4% of farmers practiced irrigation compared to 11.5% of farmers in season B and\n58.9% in season C. In 2025 Season A, 90.3% of farmers practiced anti-erosion activities, compared to 89.9%\nof farmers in season B and 94.7% of farmers in season C.","nation":[{"name":"RWANDA","abbreviation":"RWA"}],"geog_coverage":"National coverage allowing district-level estimation of key indicators","analysis_unit":"This seasonal agriculture survey focused on the following units of analysis: Small scale agricultural farms and large scale\nfarms","universe":"The SAS 2025 targeted potential agricultural land and large-scale farmers"},"method":{"data_collection":{"time_method":"2025","sampling_procedure":"To provide the basis for conducting probability-based surveys that comprehensively capture farm-level\ndata and to enhance the precision of survey estimates, the Seasonal Agricultural Survey employs a Multiple\nFrame Sampling (MFS) methodology. This approach involves constructing an area frame from which the\nsurvey sample is selected. In addition, a list frame of Large-Scale Farmers (LSF), defined as those operating\nat least 10 hectares of agricultural land is done to complement the area frame. This ensures comprehensive\ncoverage of crops predominantly cultivated by large-scale farmers, which might not be adequately represented using an area frame alone. \nThe construction of the area frame involves several steps, including land\ncover classification, land stratification and the sampling of segments.\n\nLand classification serves as the first step in designing the sampling frame for the Seasonal Agriculture Survey. \nThis process involves categorizing the total available land in the country into distinct land use or land\ncover types. The primary purpose is to enhance sampling precision by ensuring the appropriate targeting\nof the adequate land. This classification was achieved through a combination of available national different\nspatial layers with the photo-interpretation of a time series of high-resolution (50 to 30 cm) satellite images\nspanning from 2010 to 2023.the country\u2019s total land was divided into 14 distinct land cover\nclasses and Among 14 land cover classes, only 6 are related to agricultural activities include agricultural land on hillside,\nnon-rice agricultural Wetland, mixed rangeland, low-density built-up area, wetlands designated for paddy\nrice and tea plantation.The subsequent step involves constructing the area frame which includes grouping the land cover classes\nlinked to agricultural activities into strata to identify agricultural strata to be considered in the sampling\nframe.\n\nThe stratification is a result of a combination of sampling units (clusters) and land use/land cover.\n The stratification assigns each cluster a stratum based on the predominant land class type. Among the fourteen land\ncover classes, four are included in the agricultural survey frame, while the others are excluded.\nThe included land cover classes comprise hillside agricultural land, non-rice agricultural land, mixed rangeland,\n and low-density built-up areas (which retain potential for agricultural production, such as kitchen gardens, fruit trees, and livestock). \nHowever, specific agricultural land classes are excluded from the sampling\nframe. For example, tea plantations are omitted due to regular monitoring by the National Agricultural Export\nDevelopment Board (NAEB). Similarly, wetlands designated for paddy rice cultivation are typically considered\nunder the Large-Scale Farmers component, thereby integrating them into the survey frame. \nMoreover, beginning in 2024, a new land cover class called \u201cExclusive Rangeland\u201d has been introduced specifically to\nidintify areas used for pastoral activities. This class is also excluded from the sampling frame.","coll_mode":["The Seasonal Agricultural Survey (SAS) data collection in 2025 was conducted in two phases: a screening phase during planting to identify plots and large-scale farmers and\n collect initial information on land use,crops, and expected harvest, followed by a second phase focusing on detailed data from the identified plots, including production, inputs, and agricultural practices.\n \n The survey covered all 30 districts of Rwanda, with 1,200 segments and over 380 large-scale farmers in both Seasons A (December 2024\u2013February 2025) and B (April\u2013June 2025),\n and 946 segments in Season C (September 2025), achieving a 100% response rate. \n \n Data collection was carried out by 148 enumerators and 29 team leaders who received refresher training and were closely supervised to ensure quality.\nTwo main questionnaires were used\u2014Screening and Plot Interview\u2014supported by digital tools including ArcGIS Field Maps for area measurement,\n CSPro for data collection and management, and Survey123 for capturing screening data on large-scale farmers."],"sources":[{"name":"","origin":"","characteristics":""}],"weight":"The stratified two-stage sample design used with the new area frame, the first stage sampling probability for the sample\nsegments in each stratum was calculated. \n\nThe second stage probability was calculated at the plot level based on the assumption that the plots within each sample\nsegment were implicitly selected with PPS using the area of the plot as the measure of size."}}},"schematype":"survey","type":"survey","data_files":[{"file_id":"F1","file_name":"Rwa_raw_fertilizer_pesticideA2025","description":null,"case_count":"17063","var_count":"80","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F2","file_name":"Rwa_raw_SeasonA2025_Agricultural_practice","description":null,"case_count":"17063","var_count":"59","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F3","file_name":"Rwa_raw_SeasonA2025_Production","description":null,"case_count":"34370","var_count":"101","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F4","file_name":"Rwa_raw_SeasonA2025_Screening","description":null,"case_count":"52570","var_count":"51","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F5","file_name":"Rwa_raw_fertilizer_pesticideB2025","description":null,"case_count":"17101","var_count":"93","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F6","file_name":"Rwa_raw_SeasonB2025_Agricultural_practice","description":null,"case_count":"17101","var_count":"55","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F7","file_name":"Rwa_raw_SeasonB2025_Production","description":null,"case_count":"32921","var_count":"101","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F8","file_name":"Rwa_raw_SeasonB2025_Screening","description":null,"case_count":"50538","var_count":"54","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F9","file_name":"Rwa_raw_fertilizer_pesticideC2025","description":null,"case_count":"1668","var_count":"85","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F10","file_name":"Rwa_raw_SeasonC2025_Agricultural_practice","description":null,"case_count":"1668","var_count":"47","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F11","file_name":"Rwa_raw_SeasonC2025_Production","description":null,"case_count":"1885","var_count":"99","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null},{"file_id":"F12","file_name":"Rwa_raw_SeasonC2025_Screening","description":null,"case_count":"8413","var_count":"42","producer":null,"data_checks":null,"missing_data":null,"version":null,"notes":null,"metadata":null}],"variables":[],"variable_groups":[]}