Demographic Health Survey 2005
Rwanda, 2005
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RWA-NISR-DHS-2005-v01
Demographic Health Survey 2005
DHS 2005
Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2005
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| RWANDA | RWA |
Demographic and Health Survey, Round 3 [hh/dhs-3]
EDSR-III follows the surveys that were successfully conducted in 1992 and 2000, and is part of a broad, worldwide program of socio-demographic and health Surveys conducted in developing countries since the mid-1980’s. In addition to the indicators on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health which the Survey normally provides, the main innovation of EDSR-III was the integration of a survey module on the seroprevalence of HIV and anemia as well as a module on domestic violence. As such, for the first time, the survey allowed us to determine the prevalence of HIV at the national level.
The main objectives of the RDHS-III were:
! At the national level, gather data to determine demographic rates, particularly fertility and infant and child mortality rates, and analyze the direct and indirect factors that determine
fertility and child mortality rates and trends.
! Evaluate the level of knowledge and use of contraceptives among women and men.
! Gather data concerning family health: vaccinations; prevalence and treatment of diarrhea, acute respiratory infections (ARI), and fever in children under the age of five; antenatal care
visits; and assistance during childbirth.
! Gather data concerning the prevention and treatment of malaria, particularly the possession and use of mosquito nets, and the prevention of malaria in pregnant women.
! Gather data concerning child feeding practices, including breastfeeding and, in half the households surveyed, collect anthropometric measurements to evaluate the nutritional status
of women and children, and test for anemia in children under the age of five, women between the ages of 15 and 49, and men between the ages of 15 and 59.
! Gather data concerning knowledge and attitudes of women and men about STIs and AIDS, and evaluate recent changes in behavior with respect to the use of condoms.
! Gather data to determine adult mortality levels at the national level.
! Gather quality data concerning domestic violence.
! Gather data concerning the types of care and support received by those under the age of 60 who died in the 12 months preceding the survey.
! Collect blood samples in half of the households surveyed to estimate the prevalence of HIV in the adult population of reproductive age—anonymous HIV testing of women age 15 to 49
and men age 15 to 59.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Household
Version
Version 1.0 Edited, anonymous dataset for public distribution.
2005-10-01
The data entry and internal consistency verification phase of the survey was completed in October 2005.
Scope
The Household Questionnaire was used to list all of the usual members and visitors in the selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview.
The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit such as the main source of drinking water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, the main energy source used for cooking, ownership of various durable goods, ownership and use of mosquito nets, and the type of salt used for cooking.
In addition, questions were asked about the type of assistance or support received by vulnerable members of the population such as the very ill, and orphaned or otherwise vulnerable children. The questionnaire was also used to register people eligible for anthropometric (height and weight) measurements and the collection of samples for hemoglobin and HIV testing.
The Women’s Questionnaire was used to collect information on all women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and covered a wide variety of topics, including:
-Background characteristics
-Reproductive history
-Knowledge and use of contraceptive methods
- Fertility preferences
- Antenatal, childbirth, and postpartum care
- Breastfeeding and child feeding practices
- Vaccinations and childhood illnesses
- Marriage and sexual activity
- Women’s work and husband’s background characteristics
- AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections
- Adult mortality
- Domestic violence
The Men’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-59 years living in every second household of the RDHS-III sample. The Men’s Questionnaire collected information similar to that of the Women’s Questionnaire, but was shorter because it did not contain questions on reproductive history, maternal and child health, or nutrition.
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| health policy [8.6] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| childbearing, family planning and abortion [8.2] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| drug abuse, alcohol and smoking [8.3] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| nutrition [8.7] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| specific diseases and medical conditions [8.9] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| housing [10.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| land use and planning [10.2] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| fertility [14.2] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
| morbidity and mortality [14.4] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
Coverage
It was a nationwide survey.The survey covered the whole country,all provinces and all districts.
Household.
-Men aged 15-59 years
-Women aged 15-49
-Children aged 0-5 years
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | MINECOFIN |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment and Research AIDS Center | Ministry of Health | Technical Assistance |
| Laboratoire National de Référence | Ministry of Health | HIV Test |
| Service National de Recensement | ||
| MACRO International | Questionnaire Design | |
| Data Analysis |
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| United Nations for International Cultural Education Fund | UNICEF |
| United States for International Development | USAID |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| International Household Survey Network | World Bank | Provide MM Metadata toolkit. |
| OPM Oxford Policy management | Archive Technical Support |
Sampling
The sample for the RDHS-III used a stratified, two-stage cluster selection. The primary sampling unit is the EA as defined in the 2002 census. Each province is separated into urban and rural areas to create the sampling strata and the sample was drawn independently in each stratum. There were therefore 23 strata in total, because the City of Kigali comprised one strata, as it had no rural component. In the first stage, 432 EAs were selected with probability proportional to size, the size being the number of households in the EA.
An updating operation listed all the households in each selected EA and this list was used to select the households for the second stage. Before this updating of the households, the larger EAs were divided into segments, of which only one was selected for the survey. In the second stage, in each EA selected in the first stage, a fixed number of households (20 households in each urban cluster, 24 households in each rural
cluster) were selected using a systematic selection based on the new list of households created during the household listing. In all, 10,644 households were selected for the women’s interview.
All members of each selected household were listed in the Household Questionnaire. Every woman age 15-49 in the household was interviewed using the Women’s Questionnaire. Half of the households
selected for the women’s interview were also selected for the men’s interview. In this subsample of households all men age 15-59 were interviewed. All men age 15-59 and all women age 15-49 in this subsample of households were also asked to consent to an HIV test.
In all, 462 EAs were selected (111 in urban areas and 351 in rural areas) and 10,644 households were selected (2,220 in urban areas and 8,424 in rural areas.)
The sample for the RDHS-III survey covered the population residing in ordinary households across the country. A national sample of 10,644 households was selected. The sample was first stratified to provide adequate representation of urban and rural areas as well as all 12 provinces including the “City of Kigali,” the nation’s capital. Decentralization reforms were introduced after this sample was drawn, resulting in new geographically-based divisions that regroup the former districts into five new provinces. However, the sample used posed no obstacle to adequate representation of the new provinces and the data in this report present key indicators corresponding to the five recently created provinces (South, West, North, East, and the City of Kigali).
The survey used a two-stage sample design. The first stage involved selecting primary sampling units (PSUs) based on the list of enumeration areas covered in 2002 General Population and Housing Census (RGPH) prepared by the National Census Bureau. These enumeration areas provided the master frame for the drawing of 462 clusters (351 rural and 111 urban), selected with a representative probability proportional to their size. A strictly proportional sample allocation would have resulted in a very low number of urban households in certain provinces such as Umutara. It was therefore necessary to slightly over-sample urban areas in order to survey a sufficient number of households to produce reliable estimates for urban areas.
The second stage involved selecting a sample of households in these enumeration areas. In order to adequately guarantee the accuracy of the indicators, it was necessary to control the total size of the households drawn by setting the number of households to be surveyed at 20 in urban clusters and 24 in rural clusters. Because of the nonproportional distribution of the sample among the different strata and the fact that the number of households was set for each cluster, weighting was used to ensure the validity of the sample at both national and regional levels.
All women age 15-49 years who were either usual residents of the selected household or visitors present in the household on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed (approximately 11,500 women). In addition, in a subsample of every second household selected for the survey, a sample of 5,000 men age 15-59 years was selected to be interviewed. In this subsample, all men and women eligible for the individual survey were also eligible for the HIV test. In addition, in this subsample of households, all women eligible for the survey and all children under the age of five were eligible for the anemia test. Finally, in this same subsample of households, all women eligible for the survey and all children under the age of five were eligible for height and weight measurements to determine their
nutritional status.
All of the 462 clusters selected for the sample were able to be surveyed for the RDHS-III. A total of 10,644 households were selected, of which 10,307 households were identified and occupied at the time of the survey. Among these households, 10,272 completed the Household Questionnaire, yielding a response rate of nearly 100 percent (Table 1.1).
In the 10,272 households surveyed, 11,539 women age 15-49 years were identified as being eligible for the individual interview; interviews were completed with 11,321 of these women, yielding a response rate of 98 percent. Male interviews were conducted in every second household. A total of 4,959 men age 15-59 years were identified in the subsample of households. Of these 4,959 men, 4,820 completed the individual interviews, yielding a response rate of 97 percent.
The response rates were slightly higher in rural areas for both men and women.
Survey instrument
Three questionnaires were used in the RDHS-III:
Household Questionnaire, the Women’s Questionnaire, and the Men’s Questionnaire.
The content of these questionnaires was based on model questionnaires developed by the MEASURE DHS project. Technical meetings between experts and representatives of the Rwandan government and national and international organizations were held beginning in June 2004 to discuss the content of the questionnaires. The inputs generated by these meetings were used to modify the model questionnaires to reflect the needs of users and the relevant population, family planning, HIV/AIDS, and other health issues in Rwanda. The final questionnaires were then translated from French into English and Kinyarwanda.
These questionnaires were further refined and then finalized in December 2004 after pretesting and training of field staff. The Household Questionnaire was used to list all of the usual members and visitors in the selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview.
The Household Questionnaire also collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit such as the main source of drinking water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, the main energy source used for cooking, ownership of various durable goods, ownership and use of mosquito nets, and the type of salt used for cooking. In addition, questions were asked about the type of assistance or support received by vulnerable members of the population such as the very ill, and orphaned or otherwise vulnerable children. The questionnaire was also used to register people eligible for anthropometric (height and weight) measurements and the collection of samples for hemoglobin and HIV testing.
The Women’s Questionnaire was used to collect information on all women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and covered a wide variety of topics
The Men’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-59 years living in every second household of the RDHS-III sample. The Men’s Questionnaire collected information similar to that of the Women’s Questionnaire, but was shorter because it did not contain questions on reproductive history, maternal and child health, or nutrition.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2005-02-28 | 2005-07-13 |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | MINECOFIN | NISR |
Supervision has been conducted by NISR staff and coordinated by Appoline
Staff responsible for the survey at the National Institute of Statistics, in collaboration with the technical team, recruited approximately 95 people to participate in data collection during the main survey, 33 of whom were medically qualified to take blood samples. Four weeks of training were provided, from 21 January to 21 February, followed by three days of practicum in urban and rural areas not selected for the main survey.
After the training, the field agents were divided into 15 teams, each of which contained a team leader, a supervisor, three female interviewers and one male interviewer. One of the three female interviewers and the male interviewer also served as medical technicians.
Data collection began on 28 February 2005 in the City of Kigali. This location made it possible to closely monitor the teams before they were dispatched to more distant areas. After two weeks, all teams, except for those remaining to complete the work in the City of Kigali, were deployed to their respective work zones. Data collection was completed on 13 July 2005.
Data processing
Data entry on personal computers began on 23 March 2005, three weeks after the survey was launched in the field. Data were entered by a team of eight data processing personnel recruited and trained for this task, assisted during these operations by 4 others.
Data appraisal
The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors, and (2) sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2005 RDHS to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2005 RDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ
somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.
A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95 percent of all possible samples of identical size and design.
If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2005 RDHS-III sample is the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formula. The computer software used to calculate sampling errors for the 2005 RDHS-III is the ISSA Sampling Error Module. This module used the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates. The Taylor linearization method treats any percentage or average as a ratio estimate, r = y/x, where y represents the total sample value for variable y, and x represents the total number of cases in the group or subgroup under consideration. The variance of r is computed using the formula given below, with the standard error being the square root of the variance:
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | MINECOFIN | www.statistics.gov.rw | info@statistics.gov.rw |
Filling the form and get approval by NISR officials.
Disclaimer and copyrights
(C) 2005, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General | National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | info@statistics.gov.rw | www.statistics.gov.rw |
Metadata production
DDI-RWA-NISR-DHS-2005-v01.
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda | NISR | MINECOFFIN | Study Documentation |
2012-06-19
Metadata version
Version 1.0
(This is our first documentation using Metadata Editor)