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Rwanda Population and Housing Census 2012

Rwanda, 2012
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RWA-NISR-RPHC-2012-v2
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National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
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Questionnaires
Census questionnaire (institutional household)
Download [PDF, 657.42 KB]
Date 2012-02-22
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the questionnaire for institutions
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/504
Urutonde rw'ibibazwa mu ibarura rusange (ikigo gituwe)
Download [PDF, 723.11 KB]
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the questionnaire for institutions in Kinyarwanda
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/505
Census questionnaire (private household)
Download [PDF, 1.23 MB]
Date 2012-02-21
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the household questionnaire
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/506
Urutonde rw'ibibazwa mu ibarura rusange (urugo rusanzwe)
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Date 2012-02-21
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/507
Reports
Fourth Population and Housing Census: Provisional results
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2012-11-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the provisional report of the findings of the census
Table of contents FOREWORD 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4
I. INTRODUCTION 5
I.4.1 Census Mapping 7
I.4.2 Pilot Census 7
I.4.3 Questionnaires and manuals 7
I.4.4 Publicity and Sensitisation 7
I.4.5 Recruitment and Training of Field Staff 8
I.4.6 Field Enumeration 8
I.4.7 Post-Enumeration Activities 9
II. PRESENTATION OF THE PROVISIONAL RESULTS 10
II.2.1 “Census Night” 10
II.2.2 Resident Population 11
II.2.3 Population Density 11
II.2.4 Sex Ratio 11
II.2.5 Average intercensal growth rate 11
II.3.1 Population Size and Distribution by Province 11
II.3.2 Annual Rate of Population Growth by Province 12
II.3.3 Sex Composition of the Population by Province 13
II.3.4 Population Density by Province 14
II.4.1 Kigali City 15
II.4.2 Southern Province 18
II.4.3 Western Province 18
III. CONCLUSION 22
ANNEXES: 23
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Fourth Population and Housing Census: Main Indicators Report (Final Results)
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the final report for the census
Table of contents FOREWORD…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………XI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………...…….XIII
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................................................. I
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... III
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................... IV
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................... VIII
I. OVERVIEW OF THE FOURTH RWANDA POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS ................................................ 1
1.1 Context and justification ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks....................................................................................... 1
1.3 Census phases .................................................................................................................... 2
II. POPULATION SIZE, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION SINCE 1978 ............................... 3
2.1 Size and Spatial Distribution of the Population .................................................................... 3
2.2 Evolution of the size and spatial distribution of the population between 1978 and 2012 ...... 9
2.3 Age-Sex Structure of the Population .................................................................................. 10
2.4 Migration ........................................................................................................................... 12
III. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION ............................................................................................... 16
3.1 Socio-Cultural Characteristics of the Population ................................................................ 16
3.2 Educational Characteristics of the Population .................................................................... 18
3.3 Economic Activity and Labour Force Participation ............................................................. 28
3.4 Marital Status, Fertility and Mortality Indicators ................................................................. 35
3.5 Access to Medical Insurance ............................................................................................. 45
IV. NUMBER, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, TYPOLOGY AND SIZE OF THE PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS ........................... 48
4.1 Number and Spatial Distribution of the Population ............................................................. 48
4.2 Percentage of Private Households Headed by Women ..................................................... 50
4.3 Size of the Private Households and Residential Promiscuity ............................................. 52
V. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOUSING UNITS USED BY THE PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS ..................................... 57
5.1 Type of Habitat and Tenure of the Housing Units .............................................................. 57
5.2 Main Material used for the Roof, Walls and Floor of the Housing Units ............................. 62
5.3 Water, Sanitation and Energy in the Housing Units ........................................................... 68
5.4 Assets Owned by the Private Households ......................................................................... 82
5.5 Access to Internet .............................................................................................................. 84
5.6 Livestock Owned by the Private Households ..................................................................... 88
VI. SUB-POPULATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 96
6.1 Children (0-17 years) ......................................................................................................... 96
6.2 Youth (14-35 years) ......................................................................................................... 106
6.3 Women ............................................................................................................................ 115
6.4 Elderly ............................................................................................................................. 124
6.5 People with Disabilities .................................................................................................... 134
VII. POPULATIONS PROJECTIONS ............................................................................................................. 139
7.1 Projections of the size of the total, urban and rural populations ....................................... 139
7.2 Projections of the population density ............................................................................... 141
7.4 Projections of some key fertility indicators ....................................................................... 143
7.5 Projections of some key mortality indicators .................................................................... 144
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Fourth Population and Housing Census: Population Projections
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Author(s) NISR
Date 2014-06-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description The results from this population projections publication demonstrate evidence that in the next 20 years Rwandan population will be considerably different in terms of size, structure and composition than it is currently.
Table of contents Table of Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures ix
List of Abbreviations x
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Executive Summary xvii
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Justification and objectives of the population projections 3
2.1 Context 3
2.2 Justification of the population projections 3
2.3 Objectives of the population projections 5
2.3.1 Overall Objective 5
2.3.2 Specific Objectives 5
2.4 Definition of concepts and key indicators 5
Chapter 3: Analysis of the national demographic context 8
3.1 Source of data 8
3.2 Size and age-sex structure of the population 8
3.3 Population dynamics indicators 9
3.3.1 Levels and trends of fertility 9
3.3.2 Levels and trends of mortality 10
3.3.3 Levels and trends of migration 11
Chapter 4: Projections parameters, assumptions and scenarios 12
4.1 Projections parameters 12
4.1.1 Total, urban and rural population 12
4.1.2 Fertility 13
4.1.3 Mortality 14
4.2 Projections assumptions 15
4.2.1 Fertility 15
4.2.2 Mortality 16
4.2.3 International Migration 17
4.3 Scenarios of projections 17
4.4 Method of projections 17
Chapter 5: Projections of the total population 20
5.1 Population size 20
5.2 Population growth 21
5.3 Population density 22
5.4 Age-sex structure of the population 23
5.5 Fertility indicators 27
5.6 Mortality indicators 30
Chapter 6: Projections of the urban population 32
6.1 Assessment of the current official target on urbanization 32
6.2 Size of the urban population 33
6.3 Age-sex structure of the urban population 33
6.4 Density of the urban population 36
Chapter 7: Projections of the rural population 37
7.1 Size of the rural population 37
7.2 Age-sex structure of the rural population 37
7.3 Density of the rural population 40
Chapter 8: Projections of specific interventions target groups 41
8.1 School-age population 41
8.2 Working-age population 42
8.3 Elderly population 43
8.4 Other specific interventions target groups 44
Chapter 9: Projections of the private households 47
9.1 Evolution of the number and size of the private households 47
9.2 Newly created private households 48
Conclusion 50
Policy implications 52
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 55
A.1 Objectives of the Census 55
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 56
A.2.1 Census mapping 56
A.2.2 Pilot Census 56
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 56
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 57
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 57
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 58
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 59
A.3 Data quality assessment 60
Annex B Census questionnaire 61
B.1 Private households: person record 62
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 66
B.3 Institutional households: person record 67
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 70
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 70
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 72
C.3 Education 73
C.4 Employment/economic activity 74
C.5 Socio-cultural characteristics 75
Annex C: Supplementary tables 76
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Fourth Population and Housing Census: Data Quality Assessment
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This report assesses data quality of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census (RPHC4) conducted in 2012
Table of contents List of abbreviations viii
Foreword ix
Acknowledgements xi
Executive summary xiii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1: Pre-enumeration phase 3
1.1 Development and testing of the questionnaire (validity; measurement errors) 4
1.2 Creation and mapping of the enumeration areas (coverage errors) 5
1.3 Census Pilot 7
1.4 Enumerator training (measurement errors; coverage errors; response errors) 8
1.5 Creation of the enumeration lists within each EA (coverage errors) 10
1.6 Listing institutional households (coverage errors) 10
Chapter 2: Enumeration phase 12
2.1 Fieldwork management (response errors; measurement errors) 12
2.2 Enumerating institutional households (response errors; measurement errors) 14
Chapter 3: Post phase 15
3.1 Data coding (processing error) 15
3.2 Data entry 15
3.3 Data editing and imputation for item non-response 16
3.4 Concluding remarks on the post phase 18
Chapter 4: Evaluation of representation 19
4.1 Design and conduct of the PES 19
4.2 Approach to estimation of coverage 20
4.3 Summary results of coverage assessment 21
Chapter 5: Evaluation of measurement and representation 23
Conclusions and lessons learnt for the next census 38
References 41
Annex A Census questionnaire 42
A.1 Private households: person record 43
A.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 47
A.3 Institutional households: person record 48
Annex B RPHC4 edit specifications (version August 2013) 51
Annex C RPHC4 imputation report (version August 2013) 63
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Fourth Population and Hosuing Census: Publication Tables
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description These are tables from 2012 Rwanda Population and Housing Census i
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Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census Atlas
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-06-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the Census Atlas
Table of contents LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... I
FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................................... II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................. V
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................................ VII
LIST OF MAPS .............................................................................................................................................. IX
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................ XI
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1
1. OVERVIEW OF THE FOURTH POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS ............................................................ 1
2. GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE ........................................................................................................................... 1
3. ORGANIZATION AND CONTENT ................................................................................................................... 1
I. ADMNISTRATIVE STRUCTURE .......................................................................................................... 2
II. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................................... 6
III. SOCIO ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURES ........................................................................................ 9
IV. THEMATIC INDICATORS ................................................................................................................... 43
1. POPULATION SIZE,STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................... 43
2. MIGRATION ............................................................................................................................................... 49
3. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE ........................................................... 52
4. NON-MONETARY POVERTY ...................................................................................................................... 55
5. EDUCATION ............................................................................................................................................... 58
6. GENDER STATUS ....................................................................................................................................... 62
7. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES .................................................................... 66
8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF CHILDREN ................................................................................................. 70
9. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUTH ..................................................................................... 72
10. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF AGED PEOPLE ........................................................................................... 75
11. HOUSING ................................................................................................................................................... 79
REFERENCE .................................................................................................................................................. 87
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Post Enumeration Survey
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the post enumeration survey report which examines the results, the procedures and operations used in undertaking the 2012 Population and Housing Census of Rwanda are necessary to provide both the producer (NISR) and the users of the data with information needed to assess census quality.
Table of contents Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………………..v
Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... x
Introduction 1
Chapter 1: Survey methodology .............................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Procedures of coverage analysis in a PES. ...................................................................... 3
1.2 Questionnaire design ........................................................................................................ 4
1.3 Pilot Survey ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Sample design, weighting and estimation methods........................................................... 5
1.5 Training Manual Preparation ........................................................................................... 11
1.6 Recruitment and training of field personnel ..................................................................... 11
1.7 Data collection ................................................................................................................ 11
1.8 Matching operations ....................................................................................................... 12
1.9 Field reconciliation visits and telephone contacts ............................................................ 14
1.10 Data entry, editing and result extraction ........................................................................ 14
Chapter 2: Evaluation of census coverage .......................................................................................... 16
2.1 Definitions of relevant concepts ...................................................................................... 16
2.2. Net Coverage Rate ........................................................................................................ 17
2.3 Census Omissions Rate ................................................................................................. 18
2.4 Match Rate ..................................................................................................................... 19
2.5 Rate of Erroneous Inclusions .......................................................................................... 20
2.6 Gross Coverage Error Rate per Unit Enumeration .......................................................... 21
Chapter 3: Evaluation of content error .................................................................................................. 23
3.1 Measures of Content Error .............................................................................................. 23
3.2 Main findings of Content error evaluation ........................................................................ 24
3.2.1 Sex ........................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.2 Age ........................................................................................................................... 25
3.2.3 Marital status: ........................................................................................................... 25
3.2.4 The ability to read and write in different languages: .................................................. 25
3.2.5 Type of bathing facility available to household: ......................................................... 26
ANNEX I: Survey Questionnaire ............................................................................................................ 32
ANNEX II: Estimates, Sampling Error, Confidence Interval, Coefficient of Variation and Design
effects of Coverage Measures ...................................................................................... 37
ANNEX III: Formulae of Estimating Confidence Interval of Content Error Measures ................... 42
ANNEX IV: The total estimates along with precision values of various data items incorporated in
measuring the coverage error ....................................................................................... 44
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 61
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2012 Population and Housing Census Brochure
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is a brochure used in the census dissemination
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Population Size, Structure and Distribution
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is a census report on Population size, structure and distribution of the population
Table of contents Table of contents ..................................................................................................................... v
List of tables ............................................................................................................................vii
List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................ix
Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………………xi
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………..xiii
Executive summary .................................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census .................... 1
1.1 Context and justification .................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks .................................................................................... 1
1.3 Census phases ................................................................................................................. 2
Chapter 2: Context and objectives ......................................................................................... 3
2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Definitions and concepts ................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 3: Enumerated and resident population: size, evolution, type of household and
spatial distribution ............................................................................................................ 6
3.1 Enumerated population by residence status ..................................................................... 6
3.2 Enumerated population by type of household and residence status.................................. 6
3.3 Evolution of the resident population, 1978–2012 .............................................................. 7
3.4 Resident population by type of household ........................................................................ 7
3.4.1 Private households and their corresponding population ............................................. 8
3.5 Resident population by sex and area of residence ............................................................ 9
3.6 Resident population by provinces an District ...................................................................11
3.7 Population density ...........................................................................................................14
3.7.1 Physical population density .......................................................................................14
3.7.2 Physiological density .................................................................................................16
Chapter 4: Age-sex structure of the population ...................................................................19
4.1 Resident population by five-year age group .....................................................................19
4.2 Pyramids for the urban and rural populations, 2012 .........................................................20
4.3 Sex ratio ..........................................................................................................................21
4.4 Mean and median age of population ................................................................................23
4.4.1 Mean and median ages by provinces ........................................................................23
4.4.2 Mean and median ages by district .............................................................................24
4.5 Age dependency ratio ......................................................................................................25
4.6 Age groups of specific significance ..................................................................................27
Chapter 5: Nationality of resident population .......................................................................28
Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................30
References ..............................................................................................................................31
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment ..........................32
Annex B Census questionnaire ...........................................................................................38
B.1 Private households: person record ..................................................................................39
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record ............................................43
B.3 Institutional households: person record ...........................................................................44
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions .................................................................48
Annex D Supplementary tables ...........................................................................................56
Annex E Sector-level tables ...................................................................................................69
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Socio-economic Characteristics of Persons with Disability
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is a thematic report about socio-economic characteristics of persons with disability
Table of contents List of tables vii
List of figures xi
List of abbreviations xii
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Executive summary xvii
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 Context 3
2.2 Objectives 5
2.3 Methodology 5
2.3.1 Definition of concepts and key indicators 5
2.3.2 Population analyzed in this report 7
Chapter 3: Number, prevalence and causes of the different types of disability 9
3.1 Number of resident population with a disability and prevalence of disabilities among the resident population 9
3.2 Causes of disability 16
3.3 Medical Insurance coverage of the population with disabilities 19
Chapter 4: Demographic and social characteristics of persons with disabilities 20
4.1 Age distribution and spatial distribution of persons with disabilities 20
4.2 Marital status and nuptiality among persons with disabilities 22
4.3 Fertility among women with disabilities 23
4.4 Distribution of persons with disabilities by nationality and by religious affiliation 23
Chapter 5: Educational characteristics of persons with disabilities 25
5.1 Highest level of education attended among persons with disabilities 27
5.2 Literacy among persons with disabilities 29
Chapter 6: Economic activity among persons with disabilities 30
6.1 Economic activity status and labour force participation 30
6.2 Status in employment 33
6.3 Institutional sector of employment 34
6.4 Main occupation and main industry of persons with disabilities 35
Chapter 7: Household headship among persons with disabilities and the living conditions of households headed by persons with disabilities 37
7.1 Household headship rates among persons with disabilities 37 7.2 Characteristics of household heads with disabilities and the living standards of their households 38
Conclusion 44
References 46
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 48
A.1 Objectives of the Census 48
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 48
A.2.1 Census mapping 48
A.2.2 Pilot Census 49
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 49
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 49
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 50
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 51
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 51
A.3 Data quality assessment 52
Annex B Census questionnaire 53
B.1 Private households: person record 54
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 58
B.3 Institutional households: person record 59
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 62
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 62
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 63
C.3 Education 64
C.4 Employment/economic activity 65
C.5 Socio-cultural characteristics 66
Annex D Supplementary tables 67
Annex E Sector-level tables 99
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Educational Characteristics of the Population
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is a thematic report on Education
Table of contents List of tables iii
List of figures vi
List of abbreviations vii
Foreword ix
Acknowledgements xi
Executive summary xiii
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Objectives, context, and definition of concepts 3
2.1 General introduction 3
2.1.1 Structure of the Rwandan Education system 3
2.1.2 Rwanda’s education policies and programs 4
2.2 Context and justification 5
2.3 Definition of main concepts 6
Chapter 3: Highest levels of education attained 9
3.1 Distribution of the population by highest level of school attained 9
3.2 Spatial variations in the highest level of education attained 10
3.3 Evolution in the highest level of education attained between 1978 and 2012 12
3.4 Variations in the highest level of school attained by background characteristics of the
population 12
3.5 Highest degree/certificate obtained 18
Chapter 4: Current school attendance 20
4.1 Size, sex and area of residence of the population currently attending school 20
4.2 The school-age population: Size, age–sex and spatial distribution 20
4.3 Distribution of the school-age population according to school attendance status and
selected background characteristics 21
4.4 Distribution of the school age population by other household background characteristics 26
4.5 School attendance rates 32
4.6 School Life Expectancy 39
Chapter 5: Literacy 41
5.1 Distribution of the population aged 15 years and above by literacy and language of
literacy 41
5.2 Adult literacy rates by selected background characteristics 43
Conclusion 46
References 47
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 48
A.1 Objectives of the Census 48
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 48
A.2.1 Census mapping 48
A.2.2 Pilot Census 49
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 49
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 49
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 50
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 51
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 51
A.3 Data quality assessment 52
Annex B Census questionnaire 53
B.1 Private households: person record 54
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 58
B.3 Institutional households: person record 59
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 62
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 62
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 64
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 65
C.4 Education 65
C.5 Employment/economic activity 67
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 68
Annex D Supplementary tables 69
Annex E Sector-level tables 94
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Socio-economic Status of Elderly People
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is a thematic report about socio-economic characteristics of elderly people.
Table of contents List of tables vii
List of figures x
List of abbreviations xi
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Executive summary xiii
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 Context 3
2.2 Justification and objectives of the study 4
2.3 Data sources and methodology 5
2.4 Operational definitions 5
Chapter 3: Socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly 7
3.1 Demographic size, age and sex structure of the elderly population 7
3.1.1 Demographic size of the elderly population (aged 60 and above) in 2012 7
3.1.2 Evolution of the elderly population since 1978 8
3.1.3 Spatial distribution and age and sex structure of the elderly population 10
3.2 Migration experience of elderly people 12
3.3 Marital status of the elderly population 16
3.4 Disability and Medical Insurance of elderly people 17
Chapter 4: Socio-cultural background characteristics of elderly people 21
4.1 The elderly by nationality 21
4.2 Religious affiliation of elderly people 21
Chapter 5: Socio-economic characteristics of the elderly and the living conditions of their households 23
5.1. Level of education and literacy among the elderly 23
5.2 Economic activity among the elderly 25
5.3 Household headship among elderly people, characteristics of the household heads and living conditions of their households 29
Conclusion 38
References 40
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 42
A.1 Objectives of the Census 42
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 42
A.2.1 Census mapping 43
A.2.2 Pilot Census 43
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 43
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 44
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 44
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 45
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 45
A.3 Data quality assessment 46
Annex B Census questionnaire 47
B.1 Private households: person record 48
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 52
B.3 Institutional households: person record 53
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 56
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 56
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 57
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 58
C.4 Education 58
C.5 Employment/economic activity 59
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 61
Annex D Supplementary tables 62
Annex E Sector-level tables 80
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Fertility
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is a thematic report on fertility
Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. V
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ VIII
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ IX
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................ X
FOREWORD………………………………………………………………………………………………...XI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………………………..XIII
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. XV

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE FOURTH RWANDA POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS
....................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Context and justification ....................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks ....................................................................................... 1
1.3 Census phases .................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ANALYSIS ................................................ 3
2.1 Context .................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 Geographic context ............................................................................................................ 3
2.1.2 Socio-cultural context ......................................................................................................... 4
2.1.3 Economic and social context .............................................................................................. 5
2.1.4 Demographic context .......................................................................................................... 5
2.1.5 Policy context ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Justification and relevance of fertility analysis based on census data .............................. 9
2.3 Objectives of the analysis .................................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Definition of the main Concepts and key indicators .......................................................... 11
3.2 Data collection method and information collected ............................................................. 13
3.3 Data quality evaluation ......................................................................................................... 14
3.3.1 Completeness of the reporting of births in the 12 months preceding the census ............... 14
3.3.2 Completeness of the reporting of births in the 12 months preceding the census by sex.... 16
3.3.3 Completeness of the reporting of children ever born (the Brass and Rachad test) ............ 16
3.3.4 Completeness of the reporting of children ever born by women?s age-group .................... 16
3.3.5 Completeness of the reporting of children ever born by sex ............................................. 17
3.3.6 Implausible parities relative to women?s age ..................................................................... 18
3.3.7 Evaluation of the percentage of women with not stated parity........................................... 20
3.4 Method of data adjustment and indirect method of estimation of fertility indicators ...... 21
3.4.1 Adjustment of the data ...................................................................................................... 21
3.4.2 Indirect methods for estimation of fertility indicators .......................................................... 22
3.4.3 Method of analysis ............................................................................................................ 23

CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS .............................................................................................................. 24
4.1 Lifetime fertility ..................................................................................................................... 24
4.1.1 Total number of children ever-born per woman (parity)..................................................... 24
4.1.2 Total number of children ever-born at the end of reproductive life .................................... 27
4.1.3 Family formation and rate of childbearing ......................................................................... 28
4.1.4 Infertility and Sterility ........................................................................................................ 29
4.2 Current fertility: Levels, Pattern, Trends and Differentials ................................................ 30
4.2.1 Levels, pattern and trends of current fertility at the national level ...................................... 31
4.2.2 Geographic variations of current fertility ............................................................................ 33
4.2.3 Fertility differentials ........................................................................................................... 36
4.3 High-risk fertility behaviours/Unsafe motherhood and premarital fertility ....................... 40
4.3.1 High risk fertility behaviours: Adolescents? fertility ............................................................. 40
4.3.2 High risk fertility behaviours: Late childbearing onset and late fertility ............................... 46
4.3.3 Premarital fertility .............................................................................................................. 48
4.4 Other fertility indices ............................................................................................................ 51
4.4.1 Number and frequency of births in the population ............................................................. 51
4.4.2 Trends and geographical variations of natality .................................................................. 53
4.4.3 Replacement of the population ......................................................................................... 54

CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................. 56

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 58

ANNEXES A: FERTILITY EVALUATION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS .................................. 60

ANNEXE B CENSUS OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY AND DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT . 62
B.1 Objectives of the Census ................................................................................................. 62
B.2 Methodology and Census phases .................................................................................... 62
B.2.1 Census mapping ........................................................................................................... 63
B.2.2 Pilot Census ................................................................................................................. 63
B.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals ........................................................................................ 63
B.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign ................................................................ 64
B.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff ............................................................................ 64
B.2.6 Actual Census enumeration .......................................................................................... 65
B.2.7 Post-enumeration activities ........................................................................................... 66
B.3 Data quality assessment .................................................................................................. 66
ANNEXES C CENSUS QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................................... 68
C.1 Private households: person record ......................................................................................... 89
C.2 Private households: household record and mortality record .................................................... 93
C.3 Institutional households: person record .................................................................................. 94
ANNEXES D GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................. 97
D.1 Population and demographic characteristics .......................................................................... 97
D.2 Housing and household characteristics .................................................................................. 98
D.3 Education ............................................................................................................................... 99
D.4 Employment/economic activity ............................................................................................. 100
D.5 Socio-cultural characteristics ................................................................................................ 101
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Gender
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is a thematic report about gender
Table of contents List of tables viii
List of figures xi
List of abbreviations xii
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Executive summary xvii
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 Context 3
2.1.1 Socio-cultural context 3
2.1.2 Socio-economic context 3
2.1.3 Socio-political context 3
2.1.4 Regional and international context 4
2.2 Objectives 4
2.3 Definition of the basic concepts 5
Chapter 3: Size and evolution of the female population compared to male 8
3.1 Size of the female population compared to male 8
3.2 Evolution of the female population size compared to male 8
Chapter 4: Age distribution, spatial distribution and migration of the female population compared to male 11
4.1 Spatial distribution of the female population compared to male 11
4.2 Age–sex distribution of the female population compared to male 11
4.3 Women’s migration compared to men’s 15
Chapter 5: Socio-cultural background characteristics of the female population compared to male 18
5.1 Distribution of the female population by nationality compared to male 18
5.2 Distribution of the female population by religious affiliation compared to male 18
Chapter 6: Marital status, nuptiality and fertility 20
6.1 Marital status of the female population compared to males 20
6.2 Nuptiality of the female population compared to male 22
6.3 Fertility among women 22
Chapter 7: School attendance, level of education and literacy among the female population compared to male 24
7.1 School attendance among girls compared to boys 24
7.2 Women’s educational level compared to men’s 25
7.3 Gender parity 28
7.4 Highest qualification obtained by females compared to males 29
7.5 Women’s literacy compared to men’s 30
Chapter 8: Women’s economic activity compared to men’s 32
8.1 Economic activity status 32
8.2 Labour force participation 32
8.3 Employment and unemployment 35
8.4 Occupation 38
8.5 Status in employment 40
8.6 Main industry 40
8.7 Institutional sector of employment 43
8.7 Composition of the economically inactive female population compared with male 44
Chapter 9: Household headship, characteristics of household heads and living conditions of their households 46
9.1 Household headship rates among women compared to men 46
9.2 Characteristics of female heads of household compared to male 47
9.3 Characteristics and living conditions of households headed by women compared to those headed by men 48
Chapter 10: Disability and Medical Insurance of women compared to men 53
10.1 Prevalence and causes of disabilities among women compared to men 53
10.2 Women’s access to health insurance compared to men’s 58
Chapter 11: Birth registration and family environment of girls compared to boys 60
11.1 Birth registration of girls compared to boys 60
11.2 Survivorship of girls’ biological parents compared to boys’ 61
11.3 Girls’ cohabitation with their biological parents compared to boys’ 62
Conclusion 63
References 65
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 66
A.1 Objectives of the Census 66
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 67
A.2.1 Census mapping 67
A.2.2 Pilot Census 67
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 67
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 68
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 68
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 69
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 70
A.3 Data quality assessment 70
Annex B Census questionnaire 71
B.1 Private households: person record 72
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 73
B.3 Institutional households: person record 74
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 76
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 76
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 78
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 79
C.4 Education 79
C.5 Employment/economic activity 81
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 82
Annex D Supplementary tables 83
Annex E Sector-level tables 93
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Characteristics of Households and Housing
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is a census thematic report about characteristics of households and housing
Table of contents List of tables iii
List of figures vii
List of abbreviations xi
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Executive summary xvii
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 Context 3
2.2 Objectives 5
2.3 Methodology 5
2.4 Definition of basic concepts 5
Chapter 3: Number, spatial distribution and evolution of the households between 1978 and 2012 9
3.1 Number and spatial distribution of private households 9
3.2 Evolution between 1978 and 2012 in the number and spatial distribution of households 12
Chapter 4: Private household headship rates by age and sex and background
characteristics of households heads 13
4.1 Distribution of the head of household by sex, age and area of residence 13
4.2 Household headship rate by sex, age and area of residence 15
4.3 Background characteristics of household heads 16
Chapter 5: Size, type and structure of private households 23
5.1 Size of households 23
5.2 Types of private households 25
5.3 Structure of private households 35
5.4 Dependency ratios 38
Chapter 6: Households’ ownership of livestock 41
6.1 Households’ ownership of livestock 41
6.1.1 Prevalence of livestock ownership among private households 41
6.1.2 Number of livestock owned by private households 42
Chapter 7: Types of habitat, occupation arrangements and housing tenure 46
7.1 Type of habitat 46
7.2 Type of building/living arrangement 50
7.3 Housing tenure 53
Chapter 8: Physical characteristics of the main buildings used by households 57
8.1 Main material of the walls 57
8.2 Main material of the roof 62
8.3 Main material of the floor 66
8.4 Residential promiscuity 70
Chapter 9: Households’ access to water, sanitation, hygienic facilities and energy 73
9.1 Households’ access to water, sanitation and hygiene 73
9.1.1 Main sources of water 73
9.1.2 Types of toilet facilities 79
9.1.3 Modes of sewage disposal 82
9.1.4 Modes of waste disposal 85
9.2 Sources of energy for lighting and cooking 87
9.2.1 Sources of energy for lighting 87
Chapter 10: Households’ ownership of specific assets 97
10.1 Ownership of ICT devices 97
10.2 Households’ access to the Internet 100
10.2.1 Prevalence of households with access to the Internet 100
10.2.2 Places used to access the Internet 102
10.3 Ownership of means of transport 103
Conclusion 106
References 108
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 110
A.1 Objectives of the Census 110
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 110
A.2.1 Census mapping 111
A.2.2 Pilot Census 111
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 111
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 112
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 112
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 113
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 113
A.3 Data quality assessment 114
Annex B Census questionnaire 115
B.1 Private households: person record 116
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 120
B.3 Institutional households: person record 121
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 124
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 124
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 125
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 126
C.4 Education 126
C.5 Employment/economic activity 128
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 129
Annex D Supplementary tables 130
Annex E Sector-level tables 166
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Labour Force Participation
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Author(s) National institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is a thematic report on labour Force Participation
Table of contents List of tables vii
List of figures x
List of abbreviations xi
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Executive summary xvii
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 Context 3
2.1.1 National economic context 3
2.1.2 National employment policy, strategies and legal framework context 4
2.2 Background of Rwanda?s labour force 5
2.2.1 Active population 5
2.2.2 Inactive population 7
2.3 Objectives 7
2.4 Methodology 7
2.4.1 The RPHC4 questionnaire 7
2.4.2 Definition of key indicators 9
2.4.3 Limitations 10
2.4.4 Labour force framework 11
Chapter 3: Size and composition of the working-age population and labour force participation 12
3.1 Size and composition of the active and inactive populations 12
3.2 Evolution of working-age population and active population from 1978 to 2012 15
3.3 Refined activity rate 15
3.4 Economic dependency ratio 16
3.5 Labour force participation rate, employment to population ratio, and unemployment rate 19
3.5.1 Labour force participation by age group and sex 19
3.5.2 Labour force participation by area of residence and sex 22
3.5.3 Labour force participation and marital status 23
3.5.4 Labour force participation and level of education 24
3.5.5 Labour force participation and highest degree obtained 26
3.5.6 Labour force participation and nationality 28
3.5.7 Labour force participation and disability 29
Chapter 4: Characteristics of the active population 31
4.1 Description and evolution of the active population 31
4.1.1 Distribution of the active population by employment status 31
4.1.2 Distribution of the active population by sex 31
4.1.3 Evolution of the active population between 1978 and 2012 32
4.2 Employed population 33
4.2.1 Spatial distribution, age–sex structure and background characteristics of the
currently employed population 33
4.2.2 Main occupation 39
4.2.3 Employment status 46
4.2.4 Institutional sector of employment 47
4.2.5 Branch of economic activity 48
4.3 Unemployed population 52
4.3.1 Size and composition of the unemployed population 52
4.3.2 Spatial distribution of the unemployed population aged 16 and above 53
4.3.3 Age–sex structure and background characteristics of the unemployed population 55
Chapter 5: Characteristics of the inactive population 62
5.1 Composition and spatial distribution of the inactive population 62
5.2 Age–sex structure of the inactive population 63
5.3 Background characteristics of the inactive population 65
Conclusion 68
References 70
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 71
A.1 Objectives of the Census 71
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 72
A.2.1 Census mapping 72
A.2.2 Pilot Census 72
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 72
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 73
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 73
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 74
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 75
A.3 Data quality assessment 75
Annex B Census questionnaire 77
B.1 Private households: person record 78
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 82
B.3 Institutional households: person record 83
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 86
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 86
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 88
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 89
C.4 Education 90
C.5 Employment/economic activity 91
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 93
Annex D Supplementary tables 94
Annex E Sector-level tables 121
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Marital Status and Nuptiality
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This thematic report report is about marital status and nuptiality
Table of contents Table of contents v
Foreword xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Executive summary xv
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 Context 3
2.1.1 Socio-cultural context 3
2.1.2 Legal context 5
2.13 Historical context 5
2.2 Objectives of the analysis 5
2.3 Methodology 6
2.4 Definition of main concepts 6
Chapter 3: Marital status of the population and its evolution since 1978 8
3.1 Marital status by sex 8
3.2 Marital status by age 9
3.3 Marital status according to place of residence 11
3.4 Marital status and socio-economic and cultural factors 12
3.4.1 Marital status and education 12
3.4.2. Marital status and religion 14
3.4.3 Marital status and economic activity status 15
3.5 The evolution of marital status 16
Chapter 4: Nuptiality 17
4.1 Introduction to nuptiality 17
4.1.1 Construction of a nuptiality table 17
4.1.2 Indicators of nuptiality 18
4.2 Male and female nuptiality tables 18
4.2.1. Male and female nuptiality at national level 18
4.2.2. Nuptiality tables by area of residence 20
4.3 Mean age at first marriage 22
4.3.1 Age at first marriage: national, urban/rural and province levels 22
4.3.2 Age at first marriage and religion 23
4.3.3 Age at first marriage and education 24
4.4 Evolution of the mean age at first marriage and the proportion of people who have never married 24
4.5 International comparisons 25
Chapter 5: Polygamy 26
5.1 Geographical variations in polygamy 26
5.2 Evolution of polygamy between 1978 and 2012 26
5.3 Variations in polygamous unions with age 27
5.4 Polygamy and socio-economic and cultural factors 28
5.4.1 Polygamy and religious affiliation 28
5.4.2 Polygamy and education 29
5.5 Women in polygamous unions 30
Chapter 6: The formerly married population 31
6.1 Formerly married population by place of residence and province 31
6.2 Distribution of formerly married population by age 32
6.3 Formerly married people and socio-economic and cultural factors 33
6.3.1 Religious affiliation 33
6.3.2 Education 34
6.3.3 Economic activity 34
6.4 Evolution of formerly married people trends between 1978 and 2012 35
Conclusion 37
References 38
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 39
A.1 Objectives of the Census 39
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 39
A.2.1 Census mapping 40
A.2.2 Pilot Census 40
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 40
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 41
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 41
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 42
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 42
A.3 Data quality assessment 43
Annex B Census questionnaire 44
B.1 Private households: person record 45
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 49
B.3 Institutional households: person record 50
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 53
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 53
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 55
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 56
C.4 Education 56
C.5 Employment/economic activity 58
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 59
Annex D Supplementary tables 60
Annex E Computation of the singulate mean age at first marriage 62
Annex F Sector-level tables 63
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Measurement and Mapping of Non-Monetary Poverty
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This thematic report is about non-monetary poverty
Table of contents List of tables vii
List of figures ix
List of abbreviations x
Foreword xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Executive summary xv
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, justification and objectives of the analysis 3
2.1 Context 3
2.1.1 National policy on poverty 3
2.1.2 Measurement of poverty 3
2.1.3 Past MPI results for the East African Community 4
2.2 Justification 5
2.3 Objectives 6
Chapter 3: Methodology 7
3.1 International standard methodology for MPI 7
3.2 Modifications to the MPI methodology for the RPHC4 8
3.3 Results for MPI indicators and triangulation with other data sources 10
Chapter 4: Non-monetary poverty at the provincial, district and sector levels 12
4.1 Non-monetary poverty status by province and urban/rural areas 12
4.2 Non-monetary poverty status by district 14
4.3 Non-monetary poverty status by sector 16
4.4 Evolution of non-monetary poverty between 2002 and 2012 17
Chapter 5: Household characteristics by poverty status 20
5.1 Poverty and household characteristics 20
5.2 Poverty and characteristics of the household head 26
Chapter 6: Individual characteristics by poverty status 32
6.1 Poverty, age and sex 32
6.2 Poverty and economic activity 32
6.3 Poverty and migration 36
Chapter 7: Multidimensional Poverty Index 38
7.1 MPI at the provincial and district levels 38
7.2 MPI at sector level 42
Conclusion 43
References 44
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 45
A.1 Objectives of the Census 45
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 45
A.2.1 Census mapping 45
A.2.2 Pilot Census 46
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 46
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 46
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 47
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 47
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 48
A.3 Data quality assessment 49
Annex B Census questionnaire 50
B.1 Private households: person record 51
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 55
B.3 Institutional households: person record 56
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 59
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 59
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 60
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 61
C.4 Education 62
C.5 Employment/economic activity 63
Annex D Additional tables 65
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Migration and Spatial Mobility
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description this report is about migration and spatial mobility
Table of contents Table of contents v
List of tables vii
List of figures xii
List of abbreviations xiii
Foreword xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Executive summary xix
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Context 3
2.3 Objectives 4
2.4 Methodology 4
2.5 Definition of basic concepts and indicators 5
Chapter 3: Migration stocks and flows 7
3.1 Lifetime migration 7
3.2 Recent migration 11
Chapter 4: Characteristics of the migrant population 16
4.1 Characteristics of the lifetime migrant population 16
4.2 Characteristics of the recent migrant population 21
Chapter 5: Internal migration 25
5.1 Origin of internal migrants 25
5.2 Destination of internal migrants 27
5.3 Migration effectiveness 30
Chapter 6: International immigration 34
6.1 Characteristics of international lifetime immigration 34
6.2 Characteristics of recent international immigration 38
Conclusion 41
References 42
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 43
A.1 Objectives of the Census 43
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 43
A.3 Data quality assessment 47
Annex B Census questionnaire 48
B.1 Private households: person record 49
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 53
B.3 Institutional households: person record 54
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 57
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 57
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 59
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 60
C.4 Education 60
C.5 Employment/economic activity 62
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 63
Annex D Supplementary tables 64
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Mortality
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This thematic report is about mortality
Table of contents List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
List of Abbreviations ix
Foreword xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Executive Summary xv
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context and objectives of the analysis 3
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Objectives of the analysis 3
2.3 Background and determinants of health in Rwanda 4
2.3.1 Geographic context 4
Chapter 3: Methodology 13
3.1 Definition of concepts 13
3.2 Data collection method and information collected 14
3.3 Data Quality Evaluation 15
3.3.1 Identification of the biases that affect the data 15
3.3.2 Evaluation of the completeness of the overall death reporting 16
3.3.4 Evaluation of the completeness of the death reporting by sex 17
3.3.5 Evaluation of the completeness and accuracy of the deaths reporting by age 18
3.3.6 Evaluation of the completeness and accuracy of the infant death reporting 19
3.3.7 Evaluation of the declaration of the causes of deaths 21
3.4 Adjustment of the data and description of the indirect methods 21
Chapter 4: Findings 23
4.1 Mortality among the general population 23
4.1.1 Number and frequency of deaths among the population and their evolution since 1978 23
4.1.2 The mortality pattern in Rwanda 26
4.1.3 The life tables and the life expectancy: current level and past evolution 28
4.2 Early childhood mortality 34
4.2.1 Level of childhood Mortality 34
4.2.2 Evolution of childhood Mortality 35
4.2.3 Sex differentials in childhood mortality evolution 36
4.3 Mortality among the Adult and the Elderly 39
4.3.1 Adult mortality: current level 39
4.3.2 Mortality at late age: Current level 40
Conclusion 41
References 44
Annex A: Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 45
A.1 Objectives of the Census 45
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 46
A.2.1 Census mapping 46
A.2.2 Pilot Census 46
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 46
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 47
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 47
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 48
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 49
A.3 Data quality assessment 50
Annex B Census questionnaire 51
B.1 Private households: person record 52
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 56
B.3 Institutional households: person record 57
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 60
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 60
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 62
C.3 Education 63
C.4 Employment/economic activity 64
C.5 Socio-cultural characteristics 65
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Socio-economic Status of Children
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Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This thematic report is about socio-economic status of children as shown by the Fourth Rwanda Populationa and Housing Census
Table of contents Table of contents v
List of tables vii
List of figures x
List of abbreviations xi
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Executive summary xvii

Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2

Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 Context 3
2.1.1 Role of children in traditional Rwandan society and its evolution over time 3
2.1.2 Background to the evolution of children?s rights 3
2.1.3 National efforts since the World Summit for Children 4
2.1.4 Orphans and vulnerable children 5
2.2 Objectives 6
2.3 Data sources and methodology 7
2.4 Definition of the basic concepts 7
2.4.1 What is a child? 8
2.4.2 Adolescent 8
2.4.3 Youth 8
2.4.4 Orphan 8
2.4.5 Vulnerable children 8
2.4.6 Child labour and children in employment 8

Chapter 3: Size and structure of the child population 10
3.1 Size of the child population and its evolution since 1978 10
3.1.1 Size of the child population 10
3.1.2 Evolution between 1978 and 2012 in size of the child population 12
3.2 Age–sex structure and spatial distribution of the child population 14
3.2.1 Spatial distribution of the child population 14
3.2.2 Age structure of the child population 14

Chapter 4: Population dynamics affecting the child population 17
4.1 Marital status of children 17
4.2 Fertility among female children 18
4.3 Childrens migration experience 19

Chapter 5: Educational characteristics of the child population 24
5.1 School attendance among the child population 24
Chapter 6: Economic activity of the child population 29
6.1 Economic activity status and labour force participation 29
6.2 Status in employment 31
6.3 Main occupation and main industry of economic activity 32
6.4 School attendance of children in employment 34

Chapter 7: Vulnerable children, living arrangements and children’s health 36
7.1 Birth registration 36
7.2 Living arrangements of children and orphan children 37
7.3 Household headship among the child population 41
7.4 Disability among children and children?s access to health care 45
Conclusion 49
References 51
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 53
A.1 Objectives of the Census 53
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 53
A.2.1 Census mapping 53
A.2.2 Pilot Census 54
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 54
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 54
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 55
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 56
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 56
A.3 Data quality assessment 57
Annex B Census questionnaire 58
B.1 Private households: person record 59
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 63
B.3 Institutional households: person record 64
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 67
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 67
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 68
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 69
C.4 Education 70
C.5 Employment/economic activity 71
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 72
Annex D Supplementary tables 73
Annex E Sector-level tables 93
Annex F Child-related policies 100
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/528
Socio-economic Status of Youth
Download [PDF, 8.67 MB]
Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This thematic report is about youth
Table of contents List of tables vii
List of figures xi
List of abbreviations xii
Foreword xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Executive summary xix
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 General context 3
2.1.1 Regional and country context 3
2.1.2 Overview of the youth sector in Rwanda 5
2.2 Objectives of the thematic report 6
2.3 Methodology and definition of the basic concepts 6
2.3.1 Methodology 6
2.3.2 Definition of „youth?/„young people? 7
Chapter 3: Size of the youth population and its evolution since 2002 9
3.1 Size of the youth population 9
3.2 Evolution between 2002 and 2012 12
Chapter 4: Socio-demographic characteristics of the youth population 13
4.1 Spatial distribution and age–sex structure of the youth population 13
4.2 Migration experience of young people 16
4.3 Marital status, nuptiality and fertility 24
4.4 Fertility among young women 26
4.5 Prevalence and causes of disability among youth 28
4.6 Young people?s access to health insurance 30
Chapter 5: Socio-cultural characteristics of the youth 32
5.1 Distribution of the youth population by nationality 32
5.2 Distribution of young people by religious affiliation 33
Chapter 6: School attendance, level of education and literacy among the youth 34
6.1 School attendance 34
6.2 Highest level of education attended among the youth 36
6.3 Highest qualification/certificate obtained 37
6.4 Youth literacy 38
Chapter 7: Economic activity of the youth 41
7.1 Economic activity status and composition of inactive youth 41
7.2 Youth Labour Force Participation 42
7.3 Status in employment 48
7.4 Institutional sector of employment 49
7.5 Main occupation 50
7.6 Main industry 52
Chapter 8: Youth household headship, characteristics of young household heads and the living conditions of their households 54
8.1 Household headship rates 54
8.2 Profile of young household heads and their households 54
Conclusion 59
References 63
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 65
A.1 Objectives of the Census 65
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 65
A.2.1 Census mapping 66
A.2.2 Pilot Census 66
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 66
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 67
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 67
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 68
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 69
A.3 Data quality assessment 69
Annex B Census questionnaire 70
B.1 Private households: person record 71
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 75
B.3 Institutional households: person record 76
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 79
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 79
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 81
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 81
C.4 Education 82
C.5 Employment/economic activity 83
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 84
Annex D Supplementary tables 86
Annex E Sector-level tables 114
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/529
Socio-cultural Characteristics of the Population
Download [PDF, 5.61 MB]
Date 2014-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This report is about socio-cultural characteristics of the population.
Table of contents List of tables vii
List of figures ix
List of abbreviations x
Foreword xi
Acknowledgement xiii
Executive Summary xv
Chapter 1: Overview of the Fourth Rwanda Population and Housing Census 1
1.1 Context and justification 1
1.2 Legal and institutional frameworks 1
1.3 Census phases 2
Chapter 2: Context, objectives and methodology of the analysis 3
2.1 Context 3
2.1.1 Socio-cultural context 3
2.1.2 Nationality 3
2.1.3 Religious affiliation 3
2.2 Objectives of the analysis 4
2.3 Methodology of the analysis 4
2.4 Definition of key concepts 4
2.4.1 Religion 5
2.4.2 Nationality 6
Chapter 3: Nationality 8
3.1 Distribution of the resident population by nationality by area of residence and sex 8
3.2 Distribution of the resident population by nationality by province and sex 10
3.3 Distribution of the foreign resident population by sex and age group 11
3.4 Distribution of the different nationalities by religious affiliation 12
3.5 Background characteristics of the resident population by nationality 13
3.5.1 Current marital status and nationality 13
3.5.2 Level of education and nationality 13
3.5.3 Economic activity status and nationality 14
3.5.4 Occupation and nationality 15
Chapter 4: Religion 16
4.1 Religious affiliation of the resident population by sex and area of residence 16
4.2 Evolution between 1978 and 2012 of the distribution of the resident population by religious affiliation 18
4.3 Age and sex structure and spatial distribution of the population by religious affiliation 18
4.4 Background characteristics of the resident population by religious affiliation 20
4.4.1 Current marital status and religious affiliation 20
4.4.3 Level of education and religious affiliation 20
4.4.4 Economic activity status and religious affiliation 22
4.4.5 Occupation and religious affiliation 23
Conclusion 24
References 25
Annex A Census objectives, methodology and data quality assessment 26
A.1 Objectives of the Census 26
A.2 Methodology and Census phases 26
A.2.1 Census mapping 26
A.2.2 Pilot Census 27
A.2.3 Questionnaires and manuals 27
A.2.4 Census publicity and sensitisation campaign 27
A.2.5 Recruitment and training of field staff 28
A.2.6 Actual Census enumeration 29
A.2.7 Post-enumeration activities 29
A.3 Data quality assessment 30
Annex B Census questionnaire 31
B.1 Private households: person record 32
B.2 Private households: household record and mortality record 36
B.3 Institutional households: person record 37
Annex C Glossary of key terms and definitions 40
C.1 Population and demographic characteristics 40
C.2 Housing and household characteristics 42
C.3 Migration and spatial mobility 43
C.4 Education 43
C.5 Employment/economic activity 45
C.6 Socio-cultural characteristics 46
Annex D Supplementary tables 47
Annex E Sector-level tables 58
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/530
Technical documents
Population and Housing Census Coding Manual
Download [PDF, 726.72 KB]
Date 2012-04-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Description This is the code list for the census
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/501
ISCO Codes
Download [XLS, 222.5 KB]
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the occupations code list for the census, in English and Kinyarwanda
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/502
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Revision 4
Download [PDF, 185.1 KB]
Date 2012-03-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the industries code list for the census, in Kinyarwanda
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/503
Rwanda PHC4 2012 - Edit Specifications
Download [PDF, 119.96 KB]
Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2012-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Contributor(s) NISR
Description These are the editing instructions for the data
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/531
Agatabo k’amabwiriza y’umukarani w’ibarura
Download [PDF, 8.14 MB]
Date 2012-08-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the manual for enumerators in the field
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/533
Team supervisor’s manual
Download [PDF, 318.2 KB]
Date 2012-08-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/534
Agatabo k’amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’udupande tw’ibarura
Download [PDF, 617.65 KB]
Date 2012-08-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the supervisor's manual
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/535
Agatabo k’ amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’umurenge
Download [PDF, 287.3 KB]
Date 2012-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the manual for supervisors at the sector level
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/536
Agatabo k’ amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’agace k’igenzura
Download [PDF, 291.17 KB]
Date 2012-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the manual for supervisors of zones (combined sectors)
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/537
Agatabo k’amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’akarere
Download [PDF, 291.89 KB]
Date 2012-02-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the manual for district coordinators
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/538
Agatabo k’ amabwiriza agenewe umuhuzabikorwa w’ibarura rusange ku rwego rw’intara
Download [PDF, 289.49 KB]
Date 2012-02-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the manual for provincial coordinators
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/539
Data entry user manual
Download [PDF, 575.75 KB]
Date 2012-08-01
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the manual for the data entry team
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/540
description of 10% public use sample data file
Download [PDF, 112.44 KB]
Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2012-07-25
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Description This statement describes 10% public use sample data file from Population and Housing Census 2012. the statement gives technical information to the users to better understand the content of microdata released, and how it can be used.
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/557
Other Materials
Audio for the Training (MP3)
External link
Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2012-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This audio was developed by Core Master Trainers from NISR as a training material. The quality of the training was ensured by the use of standard materials including the CDs.
Download https://soundcloud.com/statistics-rwanda/rphc-2012-audio-for-training
[Call back visit letter]
Download [PDF, 112.27 KB]
Date 2012-01-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This is the letter provided to the household repondent on return visits to the household
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/532
Census Campaign Billboards
Download [PDF, 3.84 MB]
Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2012-06-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description These communication materials were used in the Fourth Population and Housing Census campaign as billboards.
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/541
Census Campaign Banner
Download [PDF, 285.94 KB]
Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2012-06-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This banner was used in the census campaign
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/542
Census Campaign Poster
Download [PDF, 3.94 MB]
Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2012-06-01
Country Rwanda
Language Kinyarwanda
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This poster was used as communication material in the census campaign.
Download https://microdatabk.statistics.gov.rw//catalog/65/download/543
2012 Population and Housing Census Monitoring: Census Command and Control Centre (VIDEO)
External link
Author(s) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
Date 2014-04-22
Country Rwanda
Language English
Publisher(s) NISR
Description This video is about SMS and GIS technologies used to monitor 2012 Rwanda Population and Housing Census field work and respond swiftly to emergencies on field.
Download https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o9Fk6JLKIAs
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