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FinScope 2024, Financial Inclusion in Rwanda

Rwanda
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Reference ID
RWA-NISR-FINSCOPE-2024-v01
Producer(s)
Access to Finance Rwanda
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Created on
Jul 09, 2025
Last modified
Jul 09, 2025
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304888
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Data file: Microdata

Cases: 13994
Variables: 2500

Variables

m5a_4
m5a_4. VASLAs
m5a_5
m5a_5. Government Subsidy Scheme
m5a_6
m5a_6. Digital loans (from digital platforms/fintechs, Mobile network Operators)
m5a_7
m5a_7. Sell crops/livestock/other produce to get money
m5a_8
m5a_8. Get money in advance from buyer to whom we sell crop/livestock
m5a_9
m5a_9. Get from a supplier or distributor and pay later
m5a_10
m5a_10. Loan from formal lending institutions (bank, SACCO, MFI, NTDFS)
m5a_11
m5a_11. Loan/credits from buyer of your harvest/supplier of agricultural inputs
m5a_12
m5a_12. Loan from a farmers? association
m5a_13
m5a_13. Borrow from a community/savings group where we save and lend to each oth
m5a_14
m5a_14. Borrow from a money lender in the community
m5a_15
m5a_15. Borrow from friends and/or family
m5a_16
m5a_16. Don't buy inputs - get inputs in exchange for goods or labour
m5a_17
m5a_17. Don't know
m5a_18
m5a_18, Other (Specify)
m5b
M5b. Where do you mainly get the money for farming activities?
m6
M6. Have you used any of your assets or land to secure a loan for yourself or fo
m7
M7. Do you/your household farm mostly for consumption or selling?
m8
M8. Have you or your household ever considered turning your farming activities i
m9
M9. If you have considered turning your farming activities into a small business
m9_1
m9_1. Do not have means/money/Don't have enough water
m9_2
m9_2. Land issues (quality, size)
m9_3
m9_3. Do not have collateral to acquire inputs
m9_4
m9_4. The market is too far away
m9_5
m9_5. Transport issues (cost, reliability.)
m9_6
m9_6. There is no surplus to sell / low yields
m9_7
m9_7. Market price is too low
m9_8
m9_8. Other (Specify)
m10
M10. What are the main challenges you face when selling your produce?
m10_1
m10_1. Distance to the market
m10_2
m10_2. Transportation (access, cost, reliability, damaging goods)
m10_3
m10_3. Lack of storage
m10_4
m10_4. Problems with buyers of products (price, payment)
m10_5
m10_5. Goods/products get damaged in transit
m10_6
m10_6. Low/fluctuating market prices
m10_7
m10_7. Lack of refrigeration facilities
m10_8
m10_8. No loan facilities nearby
m10_9
m10_9. Process of getting the loan is long
m10_10
m10_10. The timing of when the money is paid does not suit me
m10_11
m10_11. Do not know/no answer
m10_12
m10_12. Other (Specify)
n1a
N1a. Please tell me about all the different ways you get/make money to pay for y
n1a_1
n1a_1. Salary/wages from Government institution
n1a_2
n1a_2. Salary/wages from a private business/company
n1a_3
n1a_3. Salary/wages from a farmer
n1a_4
n1a_4. Salary/wages from an individual
n1a_5
n1a_5. Self-employed (have own registered/licensed business)
n1a_6
n1a_6. Money from farming (crops and/or livestock; by-products from livestock)
n1a_7
n1a_7. Money from fishing
n1a_8
n1a_8. Rental income
n1a_9
n1a_9. Private pension
n1a_10
n1a_10. Government pension
n1a_11
n1a_11. Government/state grant/VUP grant/ VUP cash transfer
n1a_12
n1a_12. Social protection
n1a_13
n1a_13. Gift
n1a_14
n1a_14. Remittances (money from friends/family)
n1a_15
n1a_15. Get money from household member
n1a_16
n1a_16. Household member pays my expenses
n1a_17
n1a_17. Piece work
n1a_18
n1a_18. VUP public works
n1a_19
n1a_19. Make goods to sell
n1a_20
n1a_20. Sell something I grow
n1a_21
n1a_21. Sell something I collect from nature (thatch/wood/charcoal)
n1a_22
n1a_22. Self-employed (have own business -not registered/licensed)
n1a_23
n1a_23. Humaniterian
n1b
N1b. On which of these do you rely most to make a living?
n2
N2. How do you MOSTLY receive the money you get from ?...?
n3
N3. How do you receive the money you get from ?...?
n4
N4. Which of these, if any, best describes your personal working status?
n5
N5. How long you have been unemployed?
n6
n6. Which of the following statements are true to you?
n6_1
n6_1. You participate in community projects
n6_2
n6_2. You had an internship or had a volunteered job in the past 12 months
n6_3
n6_3. You tried to start your own business
n6_4
n6_4. You currently doing any course/training to improve job prospects
n6_5
n6_5. You have the skills necessary to find a job
n7a
N7a. How many hours a day do you spend on unpaid work? When I say unpaid work, I
n7b
N7b. How many hours a day do you spend taking care of family members (children,
n9
N9. In total, how many people, if any, do you employ in your business?
n10
N10. Would it be easier for you to give me an estimate of this for a month or fo
n11
N11. What is your monthly personal total income?
n12
N12. What is your Annual total income?
n13
N13. What impact has COVID19 had on your livelihoods/income since March, 2020, t
n13_1
n13_1. I got retrenched
n13_2
n13_2. Stopped working for some time
n13_3
n13_3. Income/revenue reduced
n13_4
n13_4. Same as before/nothing changed
n13_5
n13_5. Same as before, but expect the worse in future
n13_6
n13_6. Company?s benefits such as pension fund, medical aid, etc. were reduced o
n13_7
n13_7. Income/revenue increased
n13_8
n13_8. Could not operate due to restrictions
n13_9
n13_9. Do not know
n13_10
n13_10. Other
n14
N14. Since March 1st, 2020, have you or anyone in your household (including for
n14_1
n14_1. Government of Rwanda
n14_2
n14_2. Banking institution
n14_3
n14_3. Church/Mosque
n14_4
n14_4. Savings groups
n14_5
n14_5. Bank or mobile money agent
n14_6
n14_6. Cooperative
n14_7
n14_7. Friends/family/community
n14_8
n14_8. Employer
n14_9
n14_9. Microfinance
n14_10
n14_10. Moneylender
n14_11
n14_11. Did not receive any support
n15
n15.which of the following financial activities have you started using since COV
n15_01
n15_01. Have you started use-Mobile money
n15_02
n15_02. Have you started use-Bank transfer/Mobile banking
n15_03
n15_03. Have you started use-Card swiping
n15_04
n15_04. Have you started use-Card tapping
n15_05
n15_05. Have you started use-Borrowed money
n15_06
n15_06. Have you started use-Saved money
n15_07
n15_07. Have you started use-Took new insurance product
n15_08
n15_08. Have you started use-Sending money to someone not living with you
n15_09
n15_09. Have you started use-Online shopping
n15_10
n15_10. Have you started use-Food delivery service/ grocery store delivery
n15_11
n15_11. Have you started use-Savings groups
n15_12
n15_12. Have you started use-Invested money using mobile/online platforms
n15_13
n15_13. Have you started use-Bought shares online
n15_14
n15_14. Have you started use-Sold shares online
p1
p1. place your match sticks according to how you spend your money in the past m
p1_01
p1_01. Number/Food and drink and other groceries
p1_02
p1_02. Number/Water Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel
p1_03
p1_03. Number/Education
p1_04
p1_04. Number/Transport expenses
p1_05
p1_05. Number/Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing
p1_06
p1_06. Number/Communication
p1_07
p1_07. Number/Medical, health expenses, doctors' fees, pharmacy/chemist medicine
p1_08
p1_08. Number/Rental payments and rates, levies
p1_09
p1_09. Number/Other debt repayments
p1_10
p1_10. Number/Savings, investments and retirement
p1_11
p1_11. Number/Insurance premium payments
p1_12
p1_12. Number/Household furnishings, equipment and routine household maintenance
p1_13
p1_13. Number/Personal spending
p1_14
p1_14. Number/Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services
p1_15
p1_15. Number/Farming inputs
p1_16
p1_16. Number/Business inputs
total_p
P. Total number
p2_01_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Cash
p2_02_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel- Cash
p2_03_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expenses- Cash
p2_05_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Cash
p2_06_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Cash
p2_07_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Cash
p2_08_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Cash
p2_09_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Cash
p2_10_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Cash
p2_11_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments-Cash
p2_12_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Cash
p2_13_01
p2. How do you normally: Personal spending - Cash
p2_14_01
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_01
p2. How do you normally: Farming inputs- Cash
p2_16_01
p2. How do you normally: Business inputs- Cash
p2_01_02
p2. How do you normally: Food/drink - Cheque
p2_02_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel - Cheque
p2_03_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uiform, transport, stationery)- Ch
p2_04_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Cheque
p2_05_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Cheque
p2_06_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Cheque
p2_07_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Cheque
p2_08_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Cheque
p2_09_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Cheque
p2_10_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Cheque
p2_11_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments- Cheque
p2_12_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Chequ
p2_13_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Cheque
p2_14_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Cheque
p2_16_02
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Cheque
p2_01_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Cash card payments
p2_02_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel- Cash card payments
p2_03_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Cash card payments
p2_05_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Cash card payments
p2_06_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Cash card payments
p2_07_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Cash card payme
p2_08_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Cash card paym
p2_09_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Cash card payments
p2_10_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Cash card pa
p2_11_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments- Cash card payments
p2_12_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Cash
p2_13_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Cash card payments
p2_14_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Cash card payments
p2_16_03
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Cash card payments
p2_01_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Internet banking to make an EFT
p2_02_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel- Internet banking to
p2_03_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Internet banking to make an EFT
p2_05_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Internet banking to make an EFT
p2_06_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Internet banking to make an EFT
p2_07_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Internet bankin
p2_08_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Internet banki
p2_09_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Internet banking to make an
p2_10_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Internet ban
p2_11_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Internet banking to ma
p2_12_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Inter
p2_13_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending- Internet banking to make an EFT
p2_14_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Internet banking to make an EFT
p2_16_04
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Internet banking to make an EFT
p2_01_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Banking app to make EFT
p2_02_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel - Banking app to mak
p2_03_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Banking app to make EFT
p2_05_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Banking app to make EFT
p2_06_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Communicationk - Banking app to make EFT
p2_07_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Banking app to
p2_08_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Banking app to
p2_09_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Banking app to make EFT
p2_10_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Banking app
p2_11_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Banking app to make EF
p2_12_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Banki
p2_13_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Banking app to make EFT
p2_14_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Banking app to make EFT
p2_16_05
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Banking app to make EFT
p2_01_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Online payments
p2_02_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel - Online payments
p2_03_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Online payments
p2_05_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Online payments
p2_06_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Online payments
p2_07_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Online payments
p2_08_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Online payment
p2_09_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Online payments
p2_10_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Online payme
p2_11_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Online payments
p2_12_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment, maintenance - Onli
p2_13_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Online payments
p2_14_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment & miscellaneous goods and se
p2_15_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Online payments
p2_16_06
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Online payments
p2_01_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Bank card swipe
p2_02_07
p2. How do you normally pay:: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel- Bank card swipe
p2_03_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense Food/drink - Bank card swipe
p2_05_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Bank card swipe
p2_06_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Bank card swipe
p2_07_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Bank card swipe
p2_08_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Bank card swip
p2_09_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Bank card swipe
p2_10_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Bank card sw
p2_11_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Bank card swipe
p2_12_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Bank
p2_13_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Bank card swipe
p2_14_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Bank card swipe
p2_16_07
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Bank card swipe
p2_01_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Bank card tap
p2_02_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel- Bank card tap
p2_03_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expensek - Bank card tap
p2_05_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Bank card tap
p2_06_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Bank card tap
p2_07_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Bank card tap
p2_08_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Bank card tap
p2_09_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Bank card tap
p2_10_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Bank card ta
p2_11_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Bank card tap
p2_12_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Bank
p2_13_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Bank card tap
p2_14_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Bank card tap
p2_16_08
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Bank card tap
p2_01_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Bank card for online purchase
p2_02_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel - Bank card for onlin
p2_03_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Bank card for online purchase
p2_05_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Bank card for online purchase
p2_06_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Bank card for online purchase
p2_07_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Bank card for o
p2_08_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Bank card for
p2_09_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Bank card for online purcha
p2_10_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Bank card fo
p2_11_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Bank card for online p
p2_12_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance- Bank c
p2_13_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Bank card for online purchase
p2_14_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Bank card for online purchase
p2_16_09
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Bank card for online purchase
p2_01_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Mobile money
p2_02_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel- Mobile money
p2_03_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery)-
p2_04_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Mobile money
p2_05_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Mobile money
p2_06_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Mobile money
p2_07_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Mobile money
p2_08_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Mobile money
p2_09_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Mobile money
p2_10_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Mobile money
p2_11_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Mobile money
p2_12_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Mobi
p2_13_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Mobile money
p2_14_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure & entertainment- Mobile mone
p2_15_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Mobile money
p2_16_10
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Mobile money
p2_01_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Mobilepayments (USSD)
p2_02_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel- Mobilepayments (USSD
Total: 2500
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