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FinScope 2024, Financial Inclusion in Rwanda

Rwanda
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RWA-NISR-FINSCOPE-2024-v01
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Created on
Jul 09, 2025
Last modified
Jul 09, 2025
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Data file: Microdata

Cases: 13994
Variables: 2500

Variables

p2_03_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery)- M
p2_04_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Mobilepayments (USSD)
p2_05_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Mobilepayments (USSD)
p2_06_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Mobilepayments (USSD)
p2_07_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Mobilepayments
p2_08_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Mobilepayments
p2_09_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Mobilepayments (USSD)
p2_10_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Mobilepaymen
p2_11_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Mobilepayments (USSD)
p2_12_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Mobi
p2_13_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Mobilepayments (USSD)
p2_14_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Mobilepayments (USSD)
p2_16_11
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Mobilepayments (USSD)
p2_01_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Tap and How do you normally pay: card
p2_02_12
p2. How do you normally pay:: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel - Tap and How do yo
p2_03_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery)-
p2_04_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Tap and How do you normally pay
p2_05_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Tap and How do you normally pay: card
p2_06_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Tap and How do you normally pay: ca
p2_07_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Tap and How do
p2_08_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Tap and How do
p2_09_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Tap and How do you normally
p2_10_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Tap and How
p2_11_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Tap and How do you nor
p2_12_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Tap a
p2_13_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Tap and How do you normally pay
p2_14_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Tap and How do you normally pay: ca
p2_16_12
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Tap and How do you normally pay: c
p2_01_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - On credit / on tab /on book
p2_02_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel- On credit / on tab /
p2_03_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery)-
p2_04_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense- On credit / on tab /on book
p2_05_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - On credit / on tab /on book
p2_06_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - On credit / on tab /on book
p2_07_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - On credit / on
p2_08_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - On credit / on
p2_09_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - On credit / on tab /on book
p2_10_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - On credit /
p2_11_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - On credit / on tab /on
p2_12_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - On c
p2_13_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - On credit / on tab /on book
p2_14_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- On credit / on tab /on book
p2_16_13
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- On credit / on tab /on book
p2_01_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Other
p2_02_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel - Other
p2_03_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Other
p2_05_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Other
p2_06_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Communicationk - Other
p2_07_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Other
p2_08_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Other
p2_09_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Other
p2_10_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Other
p2_11_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Other
p2_12_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Othe
p2_13_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Other
p2_14_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Other
p2_16_14
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Other
p2_01_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Don't know
p2_02_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Water, Electricity, gas, fuel- Don't know
p2_03_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Education (fees, uniform, transport, stationery) -
p2_04_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Transport expense - Don't know
p2_05_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Food/drink - Don't know
p2_06_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Communication - Don't know
p2_07_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Medical, health expenses,pharmacy - Don't know
p2_08_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Rental payments and rates, levies - Don't know
p2_09_15
p2. HHow do you normally pay: Other debt repayments - Don't know
p2_10_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Savings, investments and retirement - Don't know
p2_11_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Insurance premium payments - Don't know
p2_12_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Household furnishings,equipment,maintenance - Don'
p2_13_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Personal spending - Don't know
p2_14_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and
p2_15_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Farming inputs- Don't know
p2_16_15
p2. How do you normally pay: Business inputs- Don't know
p3
p3. which payment methods do you most prefer to use when making payments?
p3_01
p3_01. MOST PREFER/Food and drink and other groceries
p3_02
p3_02. MOST PREFER/Water Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel
p3_03
p3_03. MOST PREFER/Education
p3_04
p3_04. MOST PREFER/Transport expenses
p3_05
p3_05. MOST PREFER/Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing
p3_06
p3_06. MOST PREFER/Communication
p3_07
p3_07. MOST PREFER/Medical, health expenses, doctors' fees, pharmacy/chemist med
p3_08
p3_08. MOST PREFER/Rental payments and rates, levies
p3_09
p3_09. MOST PREFER/Other debt repayments
p3_10
p3_10. MOST PREFER/Savings, investments and retirement
p3_11
p3_11. MOST PREFER/Insurance premium payments
p3_12
p3_12. MOST PREFER/Household furnishings, equipment and routine household mainte
p3_13
p3_13. MOST PREFER/Personal spending
p3_14
p3_14. MOST PREFER/Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services
p3_15
p3_15. MOST PREFER/Farming inputs
p3_16
p3_16. MOST PREFER/Business inputs
p4_01
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_01_1
p4_01_1: Food and drink: Convenience
p4_01_2
p4_01_1: Food and drink: Cost effective to use
p4_01_3
p4_01_1: Food and drink: Most merchants accept it
p4_01_4
p4_01_1: Food and drink: Easy to use
p4_01_5
p4_01_1: Food and drink: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_01_6
p4_01_1: Food and drink: Availability
p4_01_7
p4_01_1: Food and drink: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_01_8
p4_01_1: Food and drink: Other
p4_02
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_02_1
p4_02_1: Water/Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel: Convenience
p4_02_2
p4_02_2: Water/Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel: Cost effective to use
p4_02_3
p4_02_3: Water/Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel: Most merchants accept
p4_02_4
p4_02_4: Water/Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel: Easy to use
p4_02_5
p4_02_5: Water/Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel: Safe and secure method
p4_02_6
p4_02_6: Water/Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel: Availability
p4_02_7
p4_02_7: Water/Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel: Get Rewards/incentives
p4_02_8
p4_02_8: Water/Electricity, paraffin, gas and other fuel: Other
p4_03
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_03_1
p4_03_1: Education: Convenience
p4_03_2
p4_03_2: Education: Cost effective to use
p4_03_3
p4_03_3: Education: Most merchants accept it
p4_03_4
p4_03_4: Education: Easy to use
p4_03_5
p4_03_5: Education: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_03_6
p4_03_6: Education: Availability
p4_03_7
p4_03_7: Education: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_03_8
p4_03_8: Education: Other
p4_04
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_04_1
p4_04_1: Transport expenses: Convenience
p4_04_2
p4_04_2: Transport expenses: Cost effective to use
p4_04_3
p4_04_3: Transport expenses: Most merchants accept it
p4_04_4
p4_04_4: Transport expenses: Easy to use
p4_04_5
p4_04_5: Transport expenses: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_04_6
p4_04_6: Transport expenses: Availability
p4_04_7
p4_04_7: Transport expenses: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_04_8
p4_04_8: Transport expenses: Other
p4_05
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_05_1
p4_05_1: Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing: Convenience
p4_05_2
p4_05_2: Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing: Cost effective to use
p4_05_3
p4_05_3: Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing: Most merchants accept it
p4_05_4
p4_05_4: Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing: Easy to use
p4_05_5
p4_05_5: Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing: Safe and secure method o
p4_05_6
p4_05_6: Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing: Availability
p4_05_7
p4_05_7: Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing: Get Rewards/incentives/l
p4_05_8
p4_05_8: Bond or home loan, credit card, car financing: Other
p4_06
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_06_1
p4_06_1: Communication: Convenience
p4_06_2
p4_06_2: Communication: Cost effective to use
p4_06_3
p4_06_3: Communication: Most merchants accept it
p4_06_4
p4_06_4: Communication: Easy to use
p4_06_5
p4_06_5: Communication: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_06_6
p4_06_6: Communication: Availability
p4_06_7
p4_06_7: Communication: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_06_8
p4_06_8: Communication: Other
p4_07
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_07_1
p4_07_1: Medical: Convenience
p4_07_2
p4_07_2: Medical: Cost effective to use
p4_07_3
p4_07_3: Medical: Most merchants accept it
p4_07_4
p4_07_4: Medical: Easy to use
p4_07_5
p4_07_5: Medical: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_07_6
p4_07_6: Medical: Availability
p4_07_7
p4_07_7: Medical: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_07_8
p4_07_8: Medical: Other
p4_08
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_08_1
p4_08_1: Rental payments and rates, levies: Convenience
p4_08_2
p4_08_2: Rental payments and rates, levies: Cost effective to use
p4_08_3
p4_08_3: Rental payments and rates, levies: Most merchants accept it
p4_08_4
p4_08_4: Rental payments and rates, levies: Easy to use
p4_08_5
p4_08_5: Rental payments and rates, levies: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_08_6
p4_08_6: Rental payments and rates, levies: Availability
p4_08_7
p4_08_7: Rental payments and rates, levies: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty point
p4_08_8
p4_08_8: Rental payments and rates, levies: Other
p4_09
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_09_1
p4_09_1: Other debt repayments: Convenience
p4_09_2
p4_09_2: Other debt repayments: Cost effective to use
p4_09_3
p4_09_3: Other debt repayments: Most merchants accept it
p4_09_4
p4_09_4: Other debt repayments: Easy to use
p4_09_5
p4_09_5: Other debt repayments: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_09_6
p4_09_6: Other debt repayments: Availability
p4_09_7
p4_09_7: Other debt repayments: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_09_8
p4_09_8: Other debt repayments: Other
p4_10
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_10_1
p4_10_1: Savings, investments and retirement: Convenience
p4_10_2
p4_10_2: Savings, investments and retirement: Cost effective to use
p4_10_3
p4_10_3: Savings, investments and retirement: Most merchants accept it
p4_10_4
p4_10_4: Savings, investments and retirement: Easy to use
p4_10_5
p4_10_5: Savings, investments and retirement: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_10_6
p4_10_6: Savings, investments and retirement: Availability
p4_10_7
p4_10_7: Savings, investments and retirement: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty poi
p4_10_8
p4_10_8: Savings, investments and retirement: Other
p4_11
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_11_1
p4_11_1: Insurance premium payments: Convenience
p4_11_2
p4_11_2: Insurance premium payments: Cost effective to use
p4_11_3
p4_11_3: Insurance premium payments: Most merchants accept it
p4_11_4
p4_11_4: Insurance premium payments: Easy to use
p4_11_5
p4_11_5: Insurance premium payments: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_11_6
p4_11_6: Insurance premium payments: Availability
p4_11_7
p4_11_7: Insurance premium payments: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_11_8
p4_11_8: Insurance premium payments: Other
p4_12
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_12_1
p4_12_1: Household furnishings: Convenience
p4_12_2
p4_12_2: Household furnishings: Cost effective to use
p4_12_3
p4_12_3: Household furnishings: Most merchants accept it
p4_12_4
p4_12_4: Household furnishings: Easy to use
p4_12_5
p4_12_5: Household furnishings: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_12_6
p4_12_6: Household furnishings: Availability
p4_12_7
p4_12_7: Household furnishings: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_12_8
p4_12_8: Household furnishings: Other
p4_13
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_13_1
p4_13_1: Personal spending: Convenience
p4_13_2
p4_13_2: Personal spending: Cost effective to use
p4_13_3
p4_13_3: Personal spending: Most merchants accept it
p4_13_4
p4_13_4: Personal spending: Easy to use
p4_13_5
p4_13_5: Personal spending: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_13_6
p4_13_6: Personal spending: Availability
p4_13_7
p4_13_7: Personal spending: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_13_8
p4_13_8: Personal spending: Other
p4_14
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_14_1
p4_14_1: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services: Convenienc
p4_14_2
p4_14_2: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services: Cost effec
p4_14_3
p4_14_3: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services: Most merch
p4_14_4
p4_14_4: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services: Easy to us
p4_14_5
p4_14_5: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services: Safe and s
p4_14_6
p4_14_6: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services: Availabili
p4_14_7
p4_14_7: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services: Get Reward
p4_14_8
p4_14_8: Leisure, entertainment and miscellaneous goods and services: Other
p4_15
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_15_1
p4_15_1: Farming inputs: Convenience
p4_15_2
p4_15_2: Farming inputs: Cost effective to use
p4_15_3
p4_15_3: Farming inputs: Most merchants accept it
p4_15_4
p4_15_4: Farming inputs: Easy to use
p4_15_5
p4_15_5: Farming inputs: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_15_6
p4_15_6: Farming inputs: Availability
p4_15_7
p4_15_7: Farming inputs: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_15_8
p4_15_8: Farming inputs: Other
p4_16
P4. Why do you prefer using [Pipe in from P3] when making payments?
p4_16_1
p4_16_1: Business inputs: Convenience
p4_16_2
p4_16_2: Business inputs: Cost effective to use
p4_16_3
p4_16_3: Business inputs: Most merchants accept it
p4_16_4
p4_16_4: Business inputs: Easy to use
p4_16_5
p4_16_5: Business inputs: Safe and secure method of payment
p4_16_6
p4_16_6: Business inputs: Availability
p4_16_7
p4_16_7: Business inputs: Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p4_16_8
p4_16_8: Business inputs: Other
p5
P5. What are your primary concerns when using digital payment methods?
p5_1
p5_1. Security
p5_2
p5_2. Privacy
p5_3
p5_3. Transaction Fees
p5_4
p5_4. Accessibilit
p5_5
p5_5. Ease of use and convenience
p5_6
p5_6. Availability
p5_7
p5_7. Get Rewards/incentives/loyalty points
p5_8
p5_8. No concerns
p5_9
p5_9. Other, specify
c1
C1. Who is the head of this household?
c1a
C1a. How old is the head of the household?
c1b
C1b. Is the head of the household male/female?
c1c
C1c. Highest level of education completed by the head of the household?
c1d
C1d. Does the head of the household bring money into the household?
c1e
C1e. How many people depend on the household income? (Please include individuals
c1f
C1f. What is your relationship to the head of the household?
c2
C2. How old are you?
c4a
C4a. What is the highest level of education you have completed?
c4b
C4b. Which of the following applies to you?
c4c
C4c. Is there anyone in this household with any disability and/or impairment?
c4d
C4d. Do you have any disability and/or impairment?
c4e
C4e. Which of the following areas do they or you have difficulties in?
c4e_1
c4e_1. Visual Impairment /Seeing
c4e_2
c4e_2. Physical impairment
c4e_3
c4e_3. Intellectual and psychosocial disability
c4e_4
c4e_4. Hearing Impairment
c4e_5
c4e_5. Albinism
c4e_6
c4e_6. Little people
c4e_7
c4e_7. Deaf/blind
c4e_8
c4e_8. Communication - speaking, being understood or holding a conversation
c4e_9
c4e_9. Movement activity - moving from lying to sit to stand, moving arms / legs
c4e_10
c4e_10. Intellectual disability / developmental delay - thinking problems, slow
c4e_11
c4e_11. Learning difficulties or cognitive abilities
c4e_12
c4e_12. Multi disability
c4e_13
c4e_13. Other (Specify)
c4e_other_specify
C4e. Other, specify
c5_1
C5_1. How often have you or your household had to skip a meal because you didn?t
c5_2
C5_2. How often have you or your household had to go without medical treatment/m
c5_3
C5_3. How often have you or your household not been able to send children to sch
c5_4
C5_4. How often have you or your household had to go without cash income and had
c6_1
C6_1. How many rooms does the dwelling have (excluding kitchen, bathroom, toilet
c6_2
C6_2. How many rooms in this dwelling are used for sleeping purposes?
c6_3
C6_3. How many people usually sleep in this dwelling 5 nights a week?
c7a
C7a. Please tell me which of the following describes your situation best?
c7b
C7b. How did you get the dwelling?
c7c
C7c. Where did you get financing or how do you plan to finance these improvement
c7c_1
c7c_1. Loan from a financial institution
c7c_2
c7c_2. Borrow from money lender
c7c_3
c7c_3. Borrow from savings group, tontine
c7c_4
c7c_4. Borrowed from employer
c7c_5
c7c_5. Borrow from family or friends
c7c_6
c7c_6. Pension pay-out
c7c_7
c7c_7. Use my or our savings
c7c_8
c7c_8. Other specify
c7d
C7d. What are the two major sources where you got most of the money from to buy
c7e
C7e. What challenges have you encountered when trying to access finance for buyi
c7e_1
c7e_1. Insufficient income to qualify for a mortgage or loan
c7e_2
c7e_2. Poor credit history or low credit score
c7e_3
c7e_3. High interest rates on housing loans
c7e_4
c7e_4. Lack of collateral or assets to secure a loan
Total: 2500
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