FinScope 2024, Financial Inclusion in Rwanda

Rwanda

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Reference ID

RWA-NISR-FINSCOPE-2024-v01

Producer(s)

Access to Finance Rwanda

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Created on

Jul 09, 2025

Last modified

Jul 09, 2025

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304888

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Data file: Microdata

Cases:	13994
Variables:	2500

Variables

key

Household identifier

a1

A1. Province/Kigali City

a2

a6

hh_wt

Household weight

pop_wt

Individual weight_16+ years old

hh_size

hh_head

Sex of household head

bo

Relationship with the household head

b1

Age of respondent

b2

Sex of respondent

b3

Marital status of respondent

e1

Responsible for money mgmt decisions at HH

e1b_1

E1b_1. How much input-in making decisions about household income

e1b_2

E1b_2. How much input-in making decisions about large, household purchases

e1b_3

E1b_3. How much input-in making decisions about routine household purchases

e1c

E1c. You have a large degree of control over your current financial situation an

e2a

E2a. Have you got money of your own that you can do with as you wish?

e2b

e2b_1

E2b_1. Do not earn/generate money

e2b_2

E2b_2. All money goes into the hh

e2b_3

E2b_3. Need permission to spend

e2b_4

E2b_4. Hand over the money to Head of the Household member

e2b_5

E2b_5. Other specify

e2c

E2c. Do you save or keep money for different reasons and how often?

e2d

E2d.Do you invest money in assets(buying properties,equipment,livestock)

e2e

E2e. You are on track to accomplish your financial goals?

e3

E3. Before you buy something, you carefully consider whether you can afford it?

e4a

E4a. You pay your bills on time?

e4b

E4b. Your debt is manageable ? You are able to pay off what you owe when it is d

e5

E5. You keep a close personal watch on your financial affairs?

e6

E6. In the last one year, your financial situation has caused you stress.

e7

E7.Sometimes people find their income does not quite cover their living cost

e7a

E7a. What did you mainly do to pay for things when this happened?

e7c

E7c. I can usually make my money last until the next time I receive income?

e7d

E7d. If you lost all your income and had to survive on what you have put aside,

e9a

E9a. Compared to one year ago (past 12 months), would you say your financial sta

e9b

E9b.Have you set aside emergency/rainy-day funds that would cover your expenses

e9c

E9c. How difficult would it be for you to come up with 56,000 Rwf within the NEX

e9d

E9d. How would you mainly raise this money?

e9d_other_specify

E9d. Other, specify

e10a1

E10a1. Have missed more than 2 months debt repayment in the past 12 months

e10a2

E10a2. Have 4 or more credit commitments

e10a3

E10a3. Your credit/borrowing commitments are a heavy burden

e10a4

E10a4. You have enough money left for savings after covering all your spending n

e10b_1

E10b_1. Covid-19 effect-Missed payment more than once

e10b_2

E10b_2. Covid-19 effect-Missed a payment once since 2020

e10b_3

E10b_3. Covid-19 effect-Paid partially of what I was supposed to pay

e10b_4

E10b_4. Covid-19 effect-have you requested your service provider for loan restru

e10c_4

E10c. For how long was the loan period restructured for?

e11

E11. Imagine that five friends are given a gift of 20 000 Rwf. If the friends ha

e12

E12. Now imagine that the friends have to wait for one year to get their share o

e13

E13. You lend 5 000 Rwf to a friend one evening, and he gives you 5 000 Rwf back

e14

E14.Please tell me the level of agreement or disagreement with the following

e14_1

E14_1.You compare different financial service and products and then choose the b

e14_2

E14_2.You have used Gereranya (that is a device to compare prices)

e14_3

E14_3.You know what to do for recourse when not satisfied with a financial servi

e14_4

E14_4.You are confident enough to make a complaint against a bank or financial i

e14_5

E14_5.You understand the terms and conditions in the contract with a financial i

e15

E15.Transperency,Fair treatment and tracking Money

e15_1

E15_1. Do you feel that the information on financial products or services bought

e15_2

E15_2. Have you ever taken a financial product/service and were later on surpris

e15_3

E15_3. Were you ever informed of changes to fees/charges of financial product/se

e15_4

E15_4. Was the information provided to you in a language you understand?

e15_5

E15_5. How was the information communicated to you

e15_6

E15_6. What would you wish to have been informed on?

e15_6_1

e15_6_1. New fees/charges

e15_6_2

e15_6_2. When it would start

e15_6_3

e15_6_3. Give me options on payment

e15_6_4

e15_6_4. Fees and charges related to financial products

e15_6_5

e15_6_5. Terms and conditions of financial products

e15_6_6

e15_6_6. Other (specify)

e15_7

E15_7. What was the reason that the information was not understandable?

e15_7_1

e15_7_1. Small font

e15_7_2

e15_7_2. Crucial elements of information were not disclosed in prominent places

e15_7_3

e15_7_3. Use of difficult language

e15_7_4

e15_7_4. Not provided in language I understand

e15_7_5

e15_7_5. I cannot read, and the information was not explained to me orally

e15_7_6

e15_7_6. Other (specify)

e15_8

E15_8. Do you trust financial services? advertising?

e15_9

E15_9. Do you budget for your money?

e15_10

E15_10. Do you know how much money you spent personally in the last 7 days?

e15_11

E15_11. Do you keep track of money you get and spend?

e15_12

E15_12. How often do you have some money left after covering all your spending n

e15_13

E15_13. What do you do with any money you have left over?

e15_13_1

e15_13_1. Save/keep money for different reasons

e15_13_2

e15_13_2. Invest money in business

e15_13_3

e15_13_3. Invest money in assets

e15_13_4

e15_13_4. Spend money on non-essentials (e.g.,computer, alcohol, hair)

e15_13_5

e15_13_5. Lend it to others

e15_13_6

e15_13_6. Repay debts

e15_13_7

e15_13_7. Other (specify)

e15_14

E15_14. Do you feel that financial institutions treat you fairly?

e15_15

E15_15. Have you ever been threatened, or treated in a violent, humiliating mann

e15_16

E15_16. Have you ever been taken advantage of or misguided by a financial servic

e15_17

E15_17. Have you ever been sold a financial product by a financial institution o

e15_18

E15_18.Have you ever been sold a loan without assessing your capability of payin

e16

E16. Are you currently trying to achieve a goal that requires a lot of money?

e17

E17. Which is the most important/main goal that you are currently trying to achi

e18

E18. What are you currently doing/ What have you done in the past 12 months to a

e18_1

e18_1. Borrowed from a bank or other formal institution

e18_2

e18_2. Borrowed from money lender (loan shark)

e18_3

e18_3. Borrowed from saving group

e18_4

e18_4. Took a loan/advance from my employer

e18_5

e18_5. Borrowed from family/friends/community/church/mosque

e18_6

e18_6. Took a loan from a shopkeeper

e18_7

e18_7. Borrowed from a digital app-based lender e.g., Mokash

e18_8

e18_8. Used savings held at a bank/Insurance provider/Retailer

e18_9

e18_9. Used savings from a saving group

e18_10

e18_10. Used savings held with friends/family

e18_11

e18_11. Used savings held in a secret hiding place

e18_12

e18_12. Sold livestock

e18_13

e18_13. Sold other assets, not livestock (e.g., car, business,land)

e18_14

e18_14. Got assistance/gift from friends/family/community(which you did not have

e18_15

e18_15. Cut back on expenses/adjust consumption patterns

e18_16

e18_16. Got goods/items on credit

e18_17

e18_17. Worked more/got additional jobs

e18_18

e18_18. Hire purchase

e18_19

e18_19. Education insurance

e18_20

e18_20. Don't know

e18_21

e18_21. Refused to Answer

e18_22

e18_22. Other (SPECIFY)

e18_other_specify

E18. Other, specify

e19

E19. What is the main device that you used or are using, to pay for

e20

Would like to know your opinions about these statments

e20_01

e20_01. Women should not have assets that can be used as collateral against thei

e20_02

e20_02. Women should not service a business loan independently.

e20_03

e20_03. Women should seek permission from their family to apply for a business l

e20_04

e20_04. Women should rely on family for financial support instead of financial s

e20_05

e20_05. Women should not expose their family to financial risks.

e20_06

e20_06. Women should not have financial privacy from their family members.

e20_07

e20_07. Women should not manage digital financial service accounts independently

e20_08

e20_08. Women should keep their money in cash/at home.

e20_09

e20_09. Women should invest all profits into the household.

e20_10

e20_10. Women should give their income to their partner or a male household memb

e20_11

e20_11. Women should use their income to support relatives and extended family.

e20_12

e20_12. Women should not make decisions on big expenses or investments.

qf1

QF1. For each one that I mention, please tell me whether you have ever used a se

qf1_01

qf1_01. Ever used - Commercial bank

qf1_02

qf1_02. Ever used - Digital bank

qf1_03

qf1_03. Ever used - Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)

qf1_04

qf1_04. Ever used - Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI)

qf1_05

qf1_05. Ever used - Mobile money operator

qf1_06

qf1_06. Ever used - Umurenge SACCO

qf1_07

qf1_07. Ever used - Insurance provider

qf1_08

qf1_08. Ever used - Pension fund administrator

qf1_09

qf1_09. Ever used - Long-Term Saving Scheme (EJOHEZA)

qf1_10

qf1_10. Ever used - Savings group that you save with or borrow from

qf1_11

qf1_11. Ever used - Village/community association

qf1_12

qf1_12. Ever used - None of the above

qf2

Does the instituion used offer services electronically?

qf2_01

qf2_01. Offer services electronically - Commercial bank

qf2_02

qf2_02. Offer services electronically - Digital Banking

qf2_03

qf2_03. Offer services electronically - Microfinance institution(non-umurenge)

qf2_04

qf2_04. Offer services electronically - Non-Deposit Lending Financial(NDFI)

qf2_05

qf2_05. Offer services electronically - Mobile money operator

qf2_06

qf2_06. Offer services electronically - Umurenge Sacco

qf2_10

qf2_10. Offer services electronically - Savings group

qf2_11

qf2_11. Offer services electronically - Village/community association

qf3

Do you have an account registered in your name with

qf3_01

qf3_01. Account registered in own name - Commercial bank

qf3_02

qf3_02. Account registered in own name- Digital bank

qf3_03

qf3_03. Account registered in own name - Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)

qf3_04

qf3_04. Account registered in own name - Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (N

qf3_05

qf3_05. Account registered in own name - Mobile money operator

qf3_06

qf3_06. Account registered in own name - Umurenge SACCO

qf3_07

qf3_07. Account registered in own name - Insurance provider

qf3_08

qf3_08. Account registered in own name - Pension fund administrator

qf3_09

qf3_09. Account registered in own name - Long-Term Saving Scheme (EJOHEZ

qf3_10

qf3_10. Account registered in own name - Savings group that you save with or bor

qf3_11

qf3_11. Account registered in own name - Village/community association

qf4_01

qf4_01. Do you currently use - Commercial bank

qf4_02

qf4_02. Do you currently use - Digital bank

qf4_03

qf4_03. Do you currently use - Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)

qf4_04

qf4_04. Do you currently use - Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI)

qf4_05

qf4_05. Do you currently use - Mobile money operator

qf4_06

qf4_06. Do you currently use - Umurenge SACCO

qf4_07

qf4_07. Do you currently use - Insurance provider

qf4_08

qf4_08. Do you currently use - Pension fund administrator

qf4_09

qf4_09. Do you currently use - Long-Term Saving Scheme (EJOHEZA)

qf4_10

qf4_10. Do you currently use - Savings group that you save with or borrow from

qf4_11

qf4_11. Do you currently use - Village/community association

qf5_01

QF5. Which of the following activities have you ever done using a [insert name o

qf5_01_1

qf5_01_1. Commercial bank-Deposited or withdrew money

qf5_01_2

qf5_01_2. Commercial bank-Bought airtime top-ups or paid a mobile phone bill

qf5_01_3

qf5_01_3. Commercial bank-Paid school fees

qf5_01_4

qf5_01_4. Commercial bank-Paid a bill for medical treatment, housing, trash coll

qf5_01_5

qf5_01_5. Commercial bank-Paid a tax, fine, fee, or other payment to the governm

qf5_01_6

qf5_01_6. Commercial bank-Sent money to, or received money from someone

qf5_01_7

qf5_01_7. Commercial bank-Received money from the government

qf5_01_8

qf5_01_8. Commercial bank-Received wages from an employer

qf5_01_9

qf5_01_9. Commercial bank-Made insurance payments or received claims on insuranc

qf5_01_10

qf5_01_10. Commercial bank-Borrowed money

qf5_01_11

qf5_01_11. Commercial bank-Saved money

qf5_01_12

qf5_01_12. Commercial bank-Made an investment

qf5_01_13

qf5_01_13. Commercial bank-Paid for goods or services at a store, shop, restaura

qf5_01_14

qf5_01_14. Commercial bank-Made pension payment or retirement savings

qf5_01_15

qf5_01_15. Commercial bank-Never used any service in this institution

qf5_02

QF5. Which of the following activities have you ever done using a [insert name o

qf5_02_1

qf5_02_1. Digital bank-Deposited or withdrew money

qf5_02_2

qf5_02_2. Digital bank-Bought airtime top-ups or paid a mobile phone bill

qf5_02_3

qf5_02_3. Digital bank-Paid school fees

qf5_02_4

qf5_02_4. Digital bank-Paid a bill for medical treatment, housing, trash collect

qf5_02_5

qf5_02_5. Digital bank-Paid a tax, fine, fee, or other payment to the government

qf5_02_6

qf5_02_6. Digital bank-Sent money to, or received money from someone

qf5_02_7

qf5_02_7. Digital bank-Received money from the government

qf5_02_8

qf5_02_8. Digital bank-Received wages from an employer

qf5_02_9

qf5_02_9. Digital bank-Made insurance payments or received claims on insurance

qf5_02_10

qf5_02_10. Digital bank-Borrowed money

qf5_02_11

qf5_02_11. Digital bank-Saved money

qf5_02_12

qf5_02_12. Digital bank-Made an investment

qf5_02_13

qf5_02_13. Digital bank-Paid for goods or services at a store, shop, restaurant

qf5_02_14

qf5_02_14. Digital bank-Made pension payment or retirement savings

qf5_02_15

qf5_02_15. Digital bank-Never used any service in this institution

qf5_03

QF5. Which of the following activities have you ever done using a [insert name o

qf5_03_1

qf5_03_1. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Deposited or withdrew money

qf5_03_2

qf5_03_2. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Bought airtime top-ups or paid

qf5_03_3

qf5_03_3. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Paid school fees

qf5_03_4

qf5_03_4. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Paid a bill for medical treatm

qf5_03_5

qf5_03_5. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Paid a tax, fine, fee, or othe

qf5_03_6

qf5_03_6. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Sent money to, or received mon

qf5_03_7

qf5_03_7. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Received money from the govern

qf5_03_8

qf5_03_8. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Received wages from an employe

qf5_03_9

qf5_03_9. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Made insurance payments or rec

qf5_03_10

qf5_03_10. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Borrowed money

qf5_03_11

qf5_03_11. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Saved money

qf5_03_12

qf5_03_12. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Made an investment

qf5_03_13

qf5_03_13. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Paid for goods or services at

qf5_03_14

qf5_03_14. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Made pension payment or retir

qf5_03_15

qf5_03_15. Microfinance institution (non-umurenge)-Never used any service in thi

qf5_04

QF5. Which of the following activities have you ever done using a [insert name o

qf5_04_1

qf5_04_1. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Deposited or withdrew mon

qf5_04_2

qf5_04_2. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Bought airtime top-ups or

qf5_04_3

qf5_04_3. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Paid school fees

qf5_04_4

qf5_04_4. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Paid a bill for medical t

qf5_04_5

qf5_04_5. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Paid a tax, fine, fee, or

qf5_04_6

qf5_04_6. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Sent money to, or receive

qf5_04_7

qf5_04_7. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Received money from the g

qf5_04_8

qf5_04_8. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Received wages from an em

qf5_04_9

qf5_04_9. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Made insurance payments o

qf5_04_10

qf5_04_10. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Borrowed money

qf5_04_11

qf5_04_11. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Saved money

qf5_04_12

qf5_04_12. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Made an investment

qf5_04_13

qf5_04_13. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Paid for goods or servic

qf5_04_14

qf5_04_14. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Made pension payment or

qf5_04_15

qf5_04_15. Non-Deposit Taking Lending Financial (NDFI) -Never used any service i

qf5_05

QF5. Which of the following activities have you ever done using a [insert name o

qf5_05_1

qf5_05_1. Mobile money operator-Deposited or withdrew money

qf5_05_2

qf5_05_2. Mobile money operator-Bought airtime top-ups or paid a mobile phone bi

qf5_05_3

qf5_05_3. Mobile money operator-Paid school fees

qf5_05_4

qf5_05_4. Mobile money operator-Paid a bill for medical treatment, housing, tras

qf5_05_5

qf5_05_5. Mobile money operator-Paid a tax, fine, fee, or other payment to the g

qf5_05_6

qf5_05_6. Mobile money operator-Sent money to, or received money from someone

qf5_05_7

qf5_05_7. Mobile money operator-Received money from the government

qf5_05_8

qf5_05_8. Mobile money operator-Received wages from an employer

qf5_05_9

qf5_05_9. Mobile money operator-Made insurance payments or received claims on in

qf5_05_10

qf5_05_10. Mobile money operator-Borrowed money

qf5_05_11

qf5_05_11. Mobile money operator-Saved money

qf5_05_12

qf5_05_12. Mobile money operator-Made an investment

qf5_05_13

qf5_05_13. Mobile money operator-Paid for goods or services at a store, shop, re

qf5_05_14

qf5_05_14. Mobile money operator-Made pension payment or retirement savings

qf5_05_15

qf5_05_15. Mobile money operator-Never used any service in this institution

qf5_06

QF5. Which of the following activities have you ever done using a [insert name o

qf5_06_1

qf5_06_1. Umurenge SACCO-Deposited or withdrew money

qf5_06_2

qf5_06_2. Umurenge SACCO-Bought airtime top-ups or paid a mobile phone bill

qf5_06_3

qf5_06_3. Umurenge SACCO-Paid school fees

qf5_06_4

qf5_06_4. Umurenge SACCO-Paid a bill for medical treatment, housing, trash colle

qf5_06_5

qf5_06_5. Umurenge SACCO-Paid a tax, fine, fee, or other payment to the governme

qf5_06_6

qf5_06_6. Umurenge SACCO-Sent money to, or received money from someone

qf5_06_7

qf5_06_7. Umurenge SACCO-Received money from the government

qf5_06_8

qf5_06_8. Umurenge SACCO-Received wages from an employer

qf5_06_9

qf5_06_9. Umurenge SACCO-Made insurance payments or received claims on insurance

qf5_06_10

qf5_06_10. Umurenge SACCO-Borrowed money

qf5_06_11

qf5_06_11. Umurenge SACCO-Saved money

qf5_06_12

qf5_06_12. Umurenge SACCO-Made an investment

qf5_06_13

qf5_06_13. Umurenge SACCO-Paid for goods or services at a store, shop, restauran

qf5_06_14

qf5_06_14. Umurenge SACCO-Made pension payment or retirement savings

qf5_06_15

qf5_06_15. Umurenge SACCO-Never used any service in this institution

qf5_07

QF5. Which of the following activities have you ever done using a [insert name o

qf5_07_1

qf5_07_1. Insurance provider-Deposited or withdrew money

qf5_07_2

qf5_07_2. Insurance provider-Bought airtime top-ups or paid a mobile phone bill

qf5_07_3

qf5_07_3. Insurance provider-Paid school fees

qf5_07_4

qf5_07_4. Insurance provider-Paid a bill for medical treatment, housing, trash c

qf5_07_5

qf5_07_5. Insurance provider-Paid a tax, fine, fee, or other payment to the gove

qf5_07_6

qf5_07_6. Insurance provider-Sent money to, or received money from someone

qf5_07_7

qf5_07_7. Insurance provider-Received money from the government

qf5_07_8

qf5_07_8. Insurance provider-Received wages from an employer

qf5_07_9

qf5_07_9. Insurance provider-Made insurance payments or received claims on insur

qf5_07_10

qf5_07_10. Insurance provider-Borrowed money

qf5_07_11

qf5_07_11. Insurance provider-Saved money

qf5_07_12

qf5_07_12. Insurance provider-Made an investment

qf5_07_13

qf5_07_13. Insurance provider-Paid for goods or services at a store, shop, resta

qf5_07_14

qf5_07_14. Insurance provider-Made pension payment or retirement savings

qf5_07_15

qf5_07_15. Insurance provider-Never used any service in this institution

qf5_08

QF5. Which of the following activities have you ever done using a [insert name o

qf5_08_1

qf5_08_1. Pension fund administrator-Deposited or withdrew money

qf5_08_2

qf5_08_2. Pension fund administrator-Bought airtime top-ups or paid a mobile pho

qf5_08_3

qf5_08_3. Pension fund administrator-Paid school fees

qf5_08_4

qf5_08_4. Pension fund administrator-Paid a bill for medical treatment, housing,

qf5_08_5

qf5_08_5. Pension fund administrator-Paid a tax, fine, fee, or other payment to

Total: 2500

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